Idiopathic multifocal choroiditis/punctate inner choroidopathy with acute photoreceptor loss or dysfunction out of proportion to clinically visible lesions.

Munk, Marion; Jung, Jesse J; Biggee, Kristin; Tucker, William R; Sen, H Nida; Schmidt-Erfurth, Ursula; Fawzi, Amani A; Jampol, Lee M (2015). Idiopathic multifocal choroiditis/punctate inner choroidopathy with acute photoreceptor loss or dysfunction out of proportion to clinically visible lesions. Retina - the journal of retinal and vitreous diseases, 35(2), pp. 334-343. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000370

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PURPOSE

To report acute/subacute vision loss and paracentral scotomata in patients with idiopathic multifocal choroiditis/punctate inner choroidopathy due to large zones of acute photoreceptor attenuation surrounding the chorioretinal lesions.

METHODS

Multimodal imaging case series.

RESULTS

Six women and 2 men were included (mean age, 31.5 ± 5.8 years). Vision ranged from 20/20-1 to hand motion (mean, 20/364). Spectral domain optical coherence tomography demonstrated extensive attenuation of the external limiting membrane, ellipsoid and interdigitation zones, adjacent to the visible multifocal choroiditis/punctate inner choroidopathy lesions. The corresponding areas were hyperautofluorescent on fundus autofluorescence and were associated with corresponding visual field defects. Full-field electroretinogram (available in three cases) showed markedly decreased cone/rod response, and multifocal electroretinogram revealed reduced amplitudes and increased implicit times in two cases. Three patients received no treatment, the remaining were treated with oral corticosteroids (n = 4), oral acyclovir/valacyclovir (n = 2), intravitreal/posterior subtenon triamcinolone acetate (n = 3), and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (n = 2). Visual recovery occurred in only three cases of whom two were treated. Varying morphological recovery was found in six cases, associated with decrease in hyperautofluorescence on fundus autofluorescence.

CONCLUSION

Multifocal choroiditis/punctate inner choroidopathy can present with transient or permanent central photoreceptor attenuation/loss. This presentation is likely a variant of multifocal choroiditis/punctate inner choroidopathy with chorioretinal atrophy. Associated changes are best evaluated using multimodal imaging.

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