Inside the Ghetto: Everyday Life in Hungarian Ghettos

Fritz, Regina (2015). Inside the Ghetto: Everyday Life in Hungarian Ghettos. Hungarian Historical Review, 4(3), pp. 606-639. Hungarian Academy of Sciences

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The first ghetto was established in Hungary on April 16, 1944, about one month after
the German invasion of the country. Within eight weeks, the Hungarian gendarmerie
and police, together with the German Sondereinsatzkommando, had detained more
than 400,000 Hungarian Jews in over 170 ghettos. There were significant differences
between the individual ghettos in Hungary with regard to housing, provisions, the
ability to make contact with the “outside world,” the extent of violence, etc. The living
conditions depended to a great extent on how the local administrations implemented
the measures for ghettoization and how the non-Jewish population reacted to the
creation of the ghettos. In addition, ghettoization in the annexed territories differed
in many perspectives from ghettoization in the core of Hungary. It was not only more
brutal, but also much less structured. The paper investigates the formal differences
between the individual Hungarian ghettos and describes the widely differing situations
experienced in them. On the basis of personal documents and the preserved estates of
ghetto administrations, I offer a portrayal of daily life inside the ghettos in the capital
and in cities and smaller towns in rural parts of Hungary.

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