EEG time signature in Alzheimer´s disease: functional brain networks falling apart

Smailovic, Una; König, Thomas; Laukka, Erika Jonsson; Kalpouzos, Grégoria; Andersson, Thomas; Winblad, Bengt; Jelic, Vesna (2019). EEG time signature in Alzheimer´s disease: functional brain networks falling apart. NeuroImage: Clinical, 24, p. 102046. Elsevier 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102046

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Spontaneous mental activity is characterized by dynamic alterations of discrete and stabile brain states calledfunctional microstates that are thought to represent distinct steps of human information processing.Electroencephalography (EEG) directly reflects functioning of brain synapses with a uniquely high temporalresolution, necessary for investigation of brain network dynamics. Since synaptic dysfunction is an early eventand best correlate of cognitive status and decline in patients along Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum, EEGmicrostates might serve as valuable early markers of AD. The present study investigated differences in EEGmicrostate topographies and parameters (duration, occurrence and contribution) between a large cohort ofhealthy elderly (n= 308) and memory clinic patients: subjective cognitive decline (SCD,n= 210); mild cog-nitive impairment (MCI,n= 230) and AD (n= 197) and how they correlate to conventional cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) markers of AD. Four most representative microstate maps assigned as classes A, B (asymmetrical), C and D(symmetrical) were computed from the resting state EEGs since it has been shown previously that this is suf-ficient to explain most of the resting state EEG data. Statistically different topography of microstate maps werefound between the controls and the patient groups for microstate classes A, C and D. Changes in the topographyof microstate class C were associated with the CSF Aβ42 levels, whereas changes in the topography of class Bwere linked with the CSF p-tau levels. Gradient-like increase in the contribution of asymmetrical (A and B) andgradient-like decrease in the contribution of symmetrical (C and D) maps were observed with the more severestage of cognitive impairment. Our study demonstrated extensive relationship of resting state EEG microstatestopographies and parameters with the stage of cognitive impairment and AD biomarkers. Resting state EEGmicrostates might therefore serve as functional markers of early disruption of neurocognitive networks in pa-tients along AD continuum.

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