Thrombo-Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease: An Expert Consensus Document from the Third Maastricht Consensus Conference on Thrombosis.

d'Alessandro, Elisa; Becker, Christian; Bergmeier, Wolfgang; Bode, Christoph; Bourne, Joshua H; Brown, Helena; Buller, Harry R; Ten Cate-Hoek, Arina J; Ten Cate, Vincent; van Cauteren, Yvonne J M; Cheung, Yam F H; Cleuren, Audrey; Coenen, Danielle; Crijns, Harry J G M; de Simone, Ilaria; Dolleman, Sophie C; Klein, Christine Espinola; Fernandez, Delia I; Granneman, Lianne; van T Hof, Arnoud; ... (2020). Thrombo-Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease: An Expert Consensus Document from the Third Maastricht Consensus Conference on Thrombosis. Thrombosis and haemostasis, 120(4), pp. 538-564. Thieme 10.1055/s-0040-1708035

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Thrombo-inflammation describes the complex interplay between blood coagulation and inflammation that plays a critical role in cardiovascular diseases. The third Maastricht Consensus Conference on Thrombosis assembled basic, translational, and clinical scientists to discuss the origin and potential consequences of thrombo-inflammation in the etiology, diagnostics, and management of patients with cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. This article presents a state-of-the-art reflection of expert opinions and consensus recommendations regarding the following topics: (1) challenges of the endothelial cell barrier; (2) circulating cells and thrombo-inflammation, focused on platelets, neutrophils, and neutrophil extracellular traps; (3) procoagulant mechanisms; (4) arterial vascular changes in atherogenesis; attenuating atherosclerosis and ischemia/reperfusion injury; (5) management of patients with arterial vascular disease; and (6) pathogenesis of venous thrombosis and late consequences of venous thromboembolism.

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