Case Report: Diagnostic Challenges in the Detection of a Mixed Plasmodium vivax/ovale Infection in a Non-Endemic Setting.

Nguyen, Ha Thu Trang; Romano, Fabrizio; Wampfler, Rahel; Mühlethaler, Konrad; Tannich, Egbert; Oberli, Alexander (2020). Case Report: Diagnostic Challenges in the Detection of a Mixed Plasmodium vivax/ovale Infection in a Non-Endemic Setting. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 103(3), pp. 1085-1087. American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0079

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In clinical practice, mixed-species malaria infections are often not detected by light microscopy (LM) or rapid diagnostic test, as a low number of parasites of one species may occur. Here, we report the case of an 8-year-old girl migrating with her family from Afghanistan with a two-species mixed infection with Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale. This case demonstrates the significance of molecular testing in the detection of mixed-species malaria infections and highlights the importance of a detailed data analysis during the medical validation procedure to prevent underestimation of mixed-species infections. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a two-species mixed infection comprising both P. vivax and P. ovale confirmed by LM and different real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approaches.

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