When Should We Think of Myelodysplasia or Bone Marrow Failure in a Thrombocytopenic Patient? A Practical Approach to Diagnosis.

Bonadies, Nicolas; Rovó, Alicia; Porret, Naomi; Bacher, Ulrike (2021). When Should We Think of Myelodysplasia or Bone Marrow Failure in a Thrombocytopenic Patient? A Practical Approach to Diagnosis. Journal of clinical medicine, 10(5) MDPI 10.3390/jcm10051026

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Thrombocytopenia can arise from various conditions, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and bone marrow failure (BMF) syndromes. Meticulous assessment of the peripheral blood smear, identification of accompanying clinical conditions, and characterization of the clinical course are important for initial assessment of unexplained thrombocytopenia. Increased awareness is required to identify patients with suspected MDS or BMF, who are in need of further investigations by a step-wise approach. Bone marrow cytomorphology, histopathology, and cytogenetics are complemented by myeloid next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels. Such panels are helpful to distinguish reactive cytopenia from clonal conditions. MDS are caused by mutations in the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, characterized by cytopenia and dysplasia, and an inherent risk of leukemic progression. Aplastic anemia (AA), the most frequent acquired BMF, is immunologically driven and characterized by an empty bone marrow. Diagnosis remains challenging due to overlaps with other hematological disorders. Congenital BMF, certainly rare in adulthood, can present atypically with thrombocytopenia and can be misdiagnosed. Analyses for chromosome fragility, telomere length, and germline gene sequencing are needed. Interdisciplinary expert teams contribute to diagnosis, prognostication, and choice of therapy for patients with suspected MDS and BMF. With this review we aim to increase the awareness and provide practical approaches for diagnosis of these conditions in suspicious cases presenting with thrombocytopenia.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Review Article)

Division/Institute:

04 Faculty of Medicine > Department of Haematology, Oncology, Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Medicine and Hospital Pharmacy (DOLS) > Clinic of Haematology and Central Haematological Laboratory
04 Faculty of Medicine > Pre-clinic Human Medicine > BioMedical Research (DBMR) > Unit Childrens Hospital > Forschungsgruppe Hämatologie (Erwachsene)

UniBE Contributor:

Bonadies, Nicolas, Rovó, Alicia, Porret, Naomi, Bacher, Vera Ulrike

Subjects:

600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health

ISSN:

2077-0383

Publisher:

MDPI

Language:

English

Submitter:

Pierrette Durand Lüthi

Date Deposited:

27 Apr 2021 14:56

Last Modified:

06 May 2024 02:26

Publisher DOI:

10.3390/jcm10051026

PubMed ID:

33801484

Uncontrolled Keywords:

aplastic anemia (AA) bone marrow failure (BMF) syndromes myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) next-generation sequencing (NGS) thrombocytopenia

BORIS DOI:

10.48350/155882

URI:

https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/155882

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