Does reproductive stage impact cardiovascular disease risk factors? Results from a population-based cohort in Lausanne (CoLaus Study).

Raguindin, Peter Francis; Cardona, Isabel; Muka, Taulant; Lambrinoudaki, Irene; Gebhard, Catherine; Franco, Oscar H; Marques-Vidal, Pedro; Glisic, Marija (2022). Does reproductive stage impact cardiovascular disease risk factors? Results from a population-based cohort in Lausanne (CoLaus Study). Clinical endocrinology, 97(5), pp. 568-580. Wiley 10.1111/cen.14730

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CONTEXT

Menopause has been associated with adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile, yet it is unclear whether the changes in CVD risk factors differ by reproductive stage independently of underlying aging trajectories.

DESIGN

The CoLaus study is a prospective population-based cohort study in Lausanne, Switzerland.

PATIENTS

We used data from women at baseline and follow-up (mean 5.6 ±0.5 years) from 2003 to 2012 who did not use hormone therapy. We classified women into (i) premenopausal, (ii) menopausal transition, (iii) early (≤ 5 years), and (iv) late (> 5 years) postmenopausal by comparing their menstruation status at baseline and follow-up.

MEASUREMENTS

We measured fasting lipids, glucose, and cardiovascular inflammatory markers. We used repeated measures (linear mixed models) for longitudinal analysis, using premenopausal women as a reference category. We adjusted analyses for age, medications, and lifestyle factors.

RESULTS

We used the data from 1,710 women aged 35-75 years. Longitudinal analysis showed that the changes in CVD risk factors were not different in the other three menopausal categories compared to premenopausal women. When age was used as a predictor variable and adjusted for menopause status, most CVD risk factors increased, while interleukin 6 and interleukin 1β decreased with advancing age.

CONCLUSION

The current study suggests that women have a worsening cardiovascular risk profile as they age, and although menopausal women may have higher levels of cardiovascular risk factors compared to premenopausal women at any given time, the five-year changes in cardiovascular risk factors may not depend on reproductive stage. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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