Beer-Borst, Sigrid; Hayoz, Stefanie; Gréa Krause, Corinna; Strazzullo, Pasquale (2022). Validation of salt intake measurements: comparisons of a food record checklist and spot-urine collection to 24-hour-urine collection. Public health nutrition, 25(11), pp. 2983-2994. Cambridge University Press 10.1017/S1368980022001537
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Beer-Borst_PublicHealthNutr_2022.pdf - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons: Attribution (CC-BY). Download (817kB) | Preview |
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validation-of-salt-intake-measurements-comparisons-of-a-food-record-checklist-and-spot-urine-collection-to-24-hour-urine-collection.pdf - Accepted Version Available under License Publisher holds Copyright. Download (521kB) | Preview |
OBJECTIVE
Monitoring population salt intake is operationally and economically challenging. We explored whether a questionnaire assessment and a prediction of Na intake from spot-urine could replace or complement the recommended measurement of Na in 24-hour urine (24hU).
DESIGN
Compare the agreement of a Na-specific food record checklist (FRCL) and a late afternoon spot-urine measurement (PM-spot) with 24hU measurement in estimating Na intake at group level. Each participant's use of these methods extended over three days. Agreement was assessed using mean (95% CI) differences, linear regression models, and Bland-Altman plots.
SETTING
The validation study was part of a one-year workplace intervention trial to lower salt intake in Switzerland.
PARTICIPANTS
70 women and 71 men, 21-61 years, completed three FRCLs, and acceptable PM-spot and 24hU samples at baseline (April-October 2015).
RESULTS
Mean Na intake estimates varied slightly across methods (3.5-3.9 g/d). Mean Na intake differences from 24hU were 0.2 (95% CI 0, 0.5) g/d for FRCL, and 0.4 (95% CI 0.2, 0.6) g/d for PM-spot. Linear regression models and Bland-Altmann plots more clearly depicted differences by sex and discretionary salt use.
CONCLUSIONS
Although 24hU remains the best reference method for monitoring Na intake at the population level, PM-spot and FRCL might be more practical instruments for frequent, periodic Na intake assessments. Population specific prediction models to estimate 24hU could be developed and evaluated.
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