Impact of integrase inhibitors on cardiovascular disease events in people with HIV starting antiretroviral therapy.

Surial, Bernard; Chammartin, Frédérique; Damas, José; Calmy, Alexandra; Haerry, David; Stöckle, Marcel; Schmid, Patrick; Bernasconi, Enos; Fux, Christoph A; Tarr, Philip; Günthard, Huldrych F; Wandeler, Gilles; Rauch, Andri (2023). Impact of integrase inhibitors on cardiovascular disease events in people with HIV starting antiretroviral therapy. Clinical infectious diseases, 77(5), pp. 729-737. Oxford University Press 10.1093/cid/ciad286

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BACKGROUND

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) have been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. We investigated the impact of starting INSTI-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) on CVD events among treatment-naïve people with HIV (PWH) using a target trial framework, which reduces the potential for confounding and selection bias.

METHODS

We included Swiss HIV Cohort Study participants who were ART-naïve after 05/2008, when INSTI became available in Switzerland. Individuals were categorized according to their first ART regimen (INSTI vs. other ART) and were followed from ART start until the first of CVD event (myocardial infarction, stroke, or invasive cardiovascular procedure), loss to follow-up, death, or last cohort visit. We calculated hazard ratios and risk differences using pooled logistic regression models with inverse probability of treatment and censoring weights.

RESULTS

Of 5362 participants (median age 38 years, 21% women, 15% of African origin), 1837 (34.3%) started INSTI-based ART, and 3525 (65.7%) started other ART. Within 4.9 years (IQR 2.4-7.4), 116 CVD events occurred. Starting INSTI-based ART was not associated with an increase in CVD events (adjusted hazard ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.46-1.39). Adjusted risk differences between individuals who started INSTI and those who started other ART were -0.17% (95% CI -0.37-0.19) after one year, -0.61% (-1.54-0.22) after 5 years, and -0.71% (-2.16-0.94) after 8 years.

CONCLUSIONS

In this target trial emulation, we found no difference in short or longer term risk for CVD events between treatment-naïve PWH who started INSTI-based and those on other ART.

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