Fries, Ingemar; Chauzat,, Marie-Pierre; Chen, Yan-Ping; Doublet, Vincent; Genersch, Elke; Gisder,, Sebastian; Higes, Mariano; McMahon, Dino P; Martín-Hernández, Raquel; Natsopoulou, Myrsini; Paxton, Robert J; Tanner, Gina; Webster, Thomas C; Williams, Geoffrey Rhys (2013). Standard methods for Nosema research. In: Dietemann, Vincent; Ellis, James D.; Neumann, Peter (eds.) The COLOSS BEEBOOK, Volume II: standard methods for Apis mellifera pest and pathogen research. Journal of Apicultural Research: Vol. 52 (pp. 1-28). Treforest: International Bee Research Association IBRA 10.3896/IBRA.1.52.1.14
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Methods are described for working with Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in the field and in the laboratory. For fieldwork, different sampling methods are described to determine colony level infections at a given point in time, but also for following the temporal infection dynamics. Suggestions are made for how to standardise field trials for evaluating treatments and disease impact. The laboratory methods described include different means for determining colony level and individual bee infection levels and methods for species determination, including light microscopy, electron microscopy, and molecular methods (PCR). Suggestions are made for how to standardise cage trials, and different inoculation methods for infecting bees are described, including control methods for spore viability. A cell culture system for in vitro rearing of Nosema spp. is described. Finally, how to conduct different types of experiments are described, including infectious dose, dose effects, course of infection and longevity tests
Item Type: |
Book Section (Book Chapter) |
|---|---|
Division/Institute: |
05 Veterinary Medicine > Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health (DCR-VPH) > Institute of Bee Health |
UniBE Contributor: |
Retschnig, Gina, Williams, Geoffrey Rhys |
Subjects: |
500 Science > 590 Animals (Zoology) 600 Technology > 630 Agriculture |
ISSN: |
0021-8839 |
ISBN: |
978-0-86098-275-3 |
Series: |
Journal of Apicultural Research |
Publisher: |
International Bee Research Association IBRA |
Language: |
English |
Submitter: |
Susanne Portner |
Date Deposited: |
28 Jul 2014 10:09 |
Last Modified: |
02 Mar 2023 23:24 |
Publisher DOI: |
10.3896/IBRA.1.52.1.14 |
BORIS DOI: |
10.7892/boris.44027 |
URI: |
https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/44027 |
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