Models of hybridization during range expansions and their application to recent human evolution

Excoffier, Laurent; Quilodrán, Claudio; Currat, Mathias (2014). Models of hybridization during range expansions and their application to recent human evolution. In: Derevianko, A.P.; Shunkov, M.V. (eds.) Cultural Developments in the Eurasian Paleolithic and the Origin of Anatomically Modern Humans (pp. 122-137). Novosibirsk: Publishing Department of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS

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Several lines of genetic, archeological and paleontological evidence suggest
that anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens) colonized the world
in the last 60,000 years by a series of migrations originating from Africa (e.g.
Liu et al., 2006; Handley et al., 2007; Prugnolle, Manica, and Balloux, 2005;
Ramachandran et al. 2005; Li et al. 2008; Deshpande et al. 2009; Mellars,
2006a, b; Lahr and Foley, 1998; Gravel et al., 2011; Rasmussen et al., 2011).
With the progress of ancient DNA analysis, it has been shown that archaic
humans hybridized with modern humans outside Africa. Recent direct analyses
of fossil nuclear DNA have revealed that 1–4 percent of the genome of Eurasian
has been likely introgressed by Neanderthal genes (Green et al., 2010; Reich
et al., 2010; Vernot and Akey, 2014; Sankararaman et al., 2014; Prufer et al.,
2014; Wall et al., 2013), with Papua New Guineans and Australians showing
even larger levels of admixture with Denisovans (Reich et al., 2010; Skoglund
and Jakobsson, 2011; Reich et al., 2011; Rasmussen et al., 2011). It thus appears
that the past history of our species has been more complex than previously
anticipated (Alves et al., 2012), and that modern humans hybridized several
times with local hominins during their expansion out of Africa, but the exact
mode, time and location of these hybridizations remain to be clarifi ed (Ibid.;
Wall et al., 2013). In this context, we review here a general model of admixture
during range expansion, which lead to some predictions about expected patterns
of introgression that are relevant to modern human evolution.

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