Discovery of Novel MLSB Resistance Methylase Genes and Their Associated Genetic Elements in Staphylococci

Wipf, Juliette Ramona Karin; Perreten, Vincent (2016). Discovery of Novel MLSB Resistance Methylase Genes and Their Associated Genetic Elements in Staphylococci. Current Clinical Microbiology Reports, 3(1), pp. 42-52. Springer 10.1007/s40588-016-0030-x

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Erythromycin resistance methylases (Erm) confer resistance to three classes of clinically important antibiotics, the macrolides, the lincosamides, and the streptogramins B (MLSB). Erm methylases are located on acquired genetic elements and are widespread in Staphylococcus and other bacterial species. The latest erm determinants have been identified predominantly in coagulase-negative staphylococci using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and the subsequent search for sequence similarity to erm methylases and specific amino acid motifs. This review presents workflows facilitating the identification and characterization of novel methylase genes, as well as the current status of dissemination of erm genes and their associated genetic elements in staphylococci. Discovery of novel antibiotic resistance genes is necessary to give new insight into molecular epidemiology of antibiotic resistance, for the establishment of better identification and surveillance systems, as well as to continuously improve molecular diagnostic of antibiotic resistance.

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