The genetic and molecular architecture of phenotypic diversity in sticklebacks

Peichel, Catherine; Marques, David Alexander (2017). The genetic and molecular architecture of phenotypic diversity in sticklebacks. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society. Series B - biological sciences, 372(1713) Royal Society of London 10.1098/rstb.2015.0486

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A major goal of evolutionary biology is to identify the genotypes and phenotypes
that underlie adaptation to divergent environments. Stickleback
fish, including the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and the
ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius), have been at the forefront of
research to uncover the genetic and molecular architecture that underlies
phenotypic diversity and adaptation. A wealth of quantitative trait locus
(QTL) mapping studies in sticklebacks have provided insight into longstanding
questions about the distribution of effect sizes during adaptation
as well as the role of genetic linkage in facilitating adaptation. These QTL
mapping studies have also provided a basis for the identification of the
genes that underlie phenotypic diversity. These data have revealed that
mutations in regulatory elements play an important role in the evolution
of phenotypic diversity in sticklebacks. Genetic and molecular studies in
sticklebacks have also led to new insights on the genetic basis of repeated
evolution and suggest that the same loci are involved about half of the
time when the same phenotypes evolve independently. When the same
locus is involved, selection on standing variation and repeated mutation of
the same genes have both contributed to the evolution of similar phenotypes
in independent populations.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evo-devo in the genomics era,
and the origins of morphological diversity’.

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