Mortality after failure of antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa

Keiser, Olivia; Tweya, Hannock; Braitstein, Paula; Dabis, François; MacPhail, Patrick; Boulle, Andrew; Nash, Denis; Wood, Robin; Lüthi, Ruedi; Brinkhof, Martin W G; Schechter, Mauro; Egger, Matthias (2010). Mortality after failure of antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa. Tropical medicine and international health TM&IH, 15(2), pp. 251-258. Oxford: Blackwell Science 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02445.x

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Objective  To assess the outcome of patients who experienced treatment failure with antiretrovirals in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods  Analysis of 11 antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were used to define treatment failure. All ART-naive patients aged ≥16 who started with a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimen and had at least 6 months of follow-up were eligible. For each patient who switched to a second-line regimen, 10 matched patients who remained on a non-failing first-line regimen were selected. Time was measured from the time of switching, from the corresponding time in matched patients, or from the time of treatment failure in patients who remained on a failing regimen. Mortality was analysed using Kaplan–Meier curves and random-effects Cox models.

Results  Of 16 591 adult patients starting ART, 382 patients (2.3%) switched to a second-line regimen. Another 323 patients (1.9%) did not switch despite developing immunological or virological failure. Cumulative mortality at 1 year was 4.2% (95% CI 2.2–7.8%) in patients who switched to a second-line regimen and 11.7% (7.3%–18.5%) in patients who remained on a failing first-line regimen, compared to 2.2% (1.6–3.0%) in patients on a non-failing first-line regimen (P < 0.0001). Differences in mortality were not explained by nadir CD4 cell count, age or differential loss to follow up.

Conclusions  Many patients who meet criteria for treatment failure do not switch to a second-line regimen and die. There is an urgent need to clarify the reasons why in sub-Saharan Africa many patients remain on failing first-line ART.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Original Article)

Division/Institute:

04 Faculty of Medicine > Pre-clinic Human Medicine > Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM)

UniBE Contributor:

Keiser, Olivia, Brinkhof, Martin, Egger, Matthias

ISSN:

1360-2276

Publisher:

Blackwell Science

Language:

English

Submitter:

Factscience Import

Date Deposited:

04 Oct 2013 14:09

Last Modified:

05 Dec 2022 14:00

Publisher DOI:

10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02445.x

PubMed ID:

20003034

Web of Science ID:

000273599400014

BORIS DOI:

10.7892/boris.1027

URI:

https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/1027 (FactScience: 201700)

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