A Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vaccine Inducing Antibodies Strongly Enhancing In Vitro Infection Is Protective in Pigs

García-Nicolás, Obdulio; Ricklin, Meret; Liniger, Matthias; Vielle, Nathalie Jane; Python, Sylvie; Souque, Philippe; Charneau, Pierre; Summerfield, Artur (2017). A Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vaccine Inducing Antibodies Strongly Enhancing In Vitro Infection Is Protective in Pigs. Viruses, 9(6), p. 124. MDPI 10.3390/v9050124

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The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is responsible for zoonotic severe viral encephalitis transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. Although birds are reservoirs, pigs play a role as amplifying hosts, and are affected in particular through reproductive failure. Here, we show that a lentiviral JEV vector, expressing JEV prM and E proteins (TRIP/JEV.prME), but not JEV infection induces strong antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) activities for infection of macrophages. Such antibodies strongly promoted infection via Fc receptors. ADE was found at both neutralizing and non-neutralizing serum dilutions. Nevertheless, in vivo JEV challenge of pigs demonstrated comparable protection induced by the TRIP/JEV.prME vaccine or heterologous JEV infection. Thus, either ADE antibodies cause no harm in the presence of neutralizing antibodies or may even have protective effects in vivo in pigs. Additionally, we found that both pre-infected and vaccinated pigs were not fully protected as low levels of viral RNA were found in lymphoid and nervous system tissue in some animals. Strikingly, the virus from the pre-infection persisted in the tonsils throughout the experiment. Finally, despite the vaccination challenge, viral RNA was detected in the oronasal swabs in all vaccinated pigs. These latter data are relevant when JEV vaccination is employed in pigs.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Original Article)

Division/Institute:

05 Veterinary Medicine > Research Foci > Host-Pathogen Interaction
05 Veterinary Medicine > Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology (DIP) > Institute of Virology and Immunology
05 Veterinary Medicine > Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology (DIP)

UniBE Contributor:

Ricklin, Meret Elisabeth, Liniger, Matthias, Vielle, Nathalie Jane, Summerfield, Artur

Subjects:

600 Technology > 630 Agriculture

ISSN:

1999-4915

Publisher:

MDPI

Language:

English

Submitter:

Artur Summerfield

Date Deposited:

01 May 2018 11:07

Last Modified:

07 Aug 2024 15:45

Publisher DOI:

10.3390/v9050124

PubMed ID:

28531165

BORIS DOI:

10.7892/boris.108901

URI:

https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/108901

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