An interdecadal climate dipole between Northeast Asia and Antarctica over the past five centuries

Fang, Keyan; Chen, Deliang; Guo, Zhengtang; Zhao, Yan; Frank, David; He, Maosheng; Zhou, Feifei; Shi, Feng; Seppä, Heikki; Zhang, Peng; Neukom, Raphael (2019). An interdecadal climate dipole between Northeast Asia and Antarctica over the past five centuries. Climate dynamics, 52(1-2), pp. 765-775. Springer 10.1007/s00382-018-4161-z

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Climate models emphasize the need to investigate inter-hemispheric climatic interactions. However, these models often
underestimate the inter-hemispheric differences in climate change. With the wide application of reanalysis data since 1948,
we identified a dipole pattern between the geopotential heights (GPHs) in Northeast Asia and Antarctica on the interdecadal
scale in boreal summer. This Northeast Asia/Antarctica (NAA) dipole pattern is not conspicuous on the interannual scale,
probably in that the interannual inter-hemispheric climate interaction is masked by strong interannual signals in the tropics
associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Unfortunately, the instrumental records are not sufficiently longlasting
to detect the interdecadal variability of the NAA. We thus reconstructed GPHs since 1565, making using the proxy
records mostly from tree rings in Northeast Asia and ice cores from Antarctica. The strength of the NAA is time-varying and
it is most conspicuous in the eighteenth century and after the late twentieth century. The strength of the NAA matches well
with the variations of the solar radiation and tends to increase in along with its enhancement. In boreal summer, enhanced
heating associated with high solar radiation in the Northern Hemisphere drives more air masses from the South to the North.
This inter-hemispheric interaction is particularly strong in East Asia as a result of the Asian summer monsoon. Northeast
Asia and Antarctica appear to be the key regions responsible for inter-hemispheric interactions on the interdecadal scale in
boreal summer since they are respectively located at the front and the end of this inter-hemispheric trajectory.

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