A seven-planet resonant chain in TRAPPIST-1

Luger, Rodrigo; Sestovic, Marko; Kruse, Ethan; Grimm, Simon L.; Demory, Brice-Olivier; Agol, Eric; Bolmont, Emeline; Fabrycky, Daniel; Fernandes, Catarina S.; Van Grootel, Valérie; Burgasser, Adam; Gillon, Michaël; Ingalls, James G.; Jehin, Emmanuël; Raymond, Sean N.; Selsis, Franck; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Barclay, Thomas; Barentsen, Geert; Howell, Steve B.; ... (2017). A seven-planet resonant chain in TRAPPIST-1. Nature astronomy, 1(6), 0129. Nature Publishing Group 10.1038/s41550-017-0129

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The TRAPPIST-1 system is the first transiting planet system found orbiting an ultra-cool dwarf star. At least seven planets similar to Earth in radius and in mass were previously found to transit this host star. Subsequently, TRAPPIST-1 was observed as part of the K2 mission and, with these new data, we report the measurement of an 18.77 d orbital period for the outermost planet, TRAPPIST-1h, which was unconstrained until now. This value matches our theoretical expectations based on Laplace relations and places TRAPPIST-1h as the seventh member of a complex chain, with three-body resonances linking every member. We find that TRAPPIST-1h has a radius of 0.727 Earth radii and an equilibrium temperature of 173 K. We have also measured the rotational period of the star at 3.3 d and detected a number of flares consistent with a low-activity, middle-aged, late M dwarf.

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