Review of clinical approaches in fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy.

Sauer, Lydia; Andersen, Karl M; Dysli, Chantal; Zinkernagel, Martin S.; Bernstein, Paul S; Hammer, Martin (2018). Review of clinical approaches in fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy. Journal of biomedical optics, 23(9), pp. 1-20. SPIE International Society for Optical Engineering 10.1117/1.JBO.23.9.091415

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Autofluorescence-based imaging techniques have become very important in the ophthalmological field. Being noninvasive and very sensitive, they are broadly used in clinical routines. Conventional autofluorescence intensity imaging is largely influenced by the strong fluorescence of lipofuscin, a fluorophore that can be found at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium. However, different endogenous retinal fluorophores can be altered in various diseases. Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) is an imaging modality to investigate the autofluorescence of the human fundus in vivo. It expands the level of information, as an addition to investigating the fluorescence intensity, and autofluorescence lifetimes are captured. The Heidelberg Engineering Spectralis-based fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscope is used to investigate a 30-deg retinal field centered at the fovea. It detects FAF decays in short [498 to 560 nm, short spectral channel (SSC) and long (560 to 720 nm, long spectral channel (LSC)] spectral channels, the mean fluorescence lifetimes (τm) are calculated using bi- or triexponential approaches. These are meant to be relatively independent of the fluorophore's intensity; therefore, fluorophores with less intense fluorescence can be detected. As an example, FLIO detects the fluorescence of macular pigment, retinal carotenoids that help protect the human fundus from light damages. Furthermore, FLIO is able to detect changes related to various retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, albinism, Alzheimer's disease, diabetic retinopathy, macular telangiectasia type 2, retinitis pigmentosa, and Stargardt disease. Some of these changes can already be found in healthy eyes and may indicate a risk to developing such diseases. Other changes in already affected eyes seem to indicate disease progression. This review article focuses on providing detailed information on the clinical findings of FLIO. This technique detects not only structural changes at very early stages but also metabolic and disease-related alterations. Therefore, it is a very promising tool that might soon be used for early diagnostics.

Item Type:	Journal Article (Review Article)
Division/Institute:	04 Faculty of Medicine > Department of Head Organs and Neurology (DKNS) > Clinic of Ophthalmology
UniBE Contributor:	Dysli, Chantal-Simone, Zinkernagel, Martin Sebastian
Subjects:	600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health
ISSN:	1083-3668
Publisher:	SPIE International Society for Optical Engineering
Language:	English
Submitter:	Sebastian Wolf
Date Deposited:	04 Dec 2018 12:20
Last Modified:	02 Mar 2023 23:31
Publisher DOI:	10.1117/1.JBO.23.9.091415
PubMed ID:	30182580
Uncontrolled Keywords:	fluorescence lifetime fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy lipofuscin macular pigment protein glycation retinal disease time-resolved fundus autofluorescence
URI:	https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/121972