The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets: XLIII. A compact system of four super-Earth planets orbiting HD 215152

Delisle, J.-B.; Ségransan, D.; Dumusque, X.; Diaz, R. F.; Bouchy, F.; Lovis, C.; Pepe, F.; Udry, S.; Alonso, R.; Benz, Willy; Coffinet, A.; Collier Cameron, A.; Deleuil, M.; Figueira, P.; Gillon, M.; Lo Curto, G.; Mayor, M.; Mordasini, Christoph; Motalebi, F.; Moutou, C.; ... (2018). The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets: XLIII. A compact system of four super-Earth planets orbiting HD 215152. Astronomy and astrophysics, 614, A133. EDP Sciences 10.1051/0004-6361/201732529

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We report the discovery of four super-Earth planets around HD 215152, with orbital periods of 5.76, 7.28, 10.86, and 25.2 d, and minimum masses of 1.8, 1.7, 2.8, and 2.9 M⨁ Earth respectively. This discovery is based on 373 high-quality radial velocity measurements taken by HARPS over 13 years. Given the low masses of the planets, the signal-to-noise ratio is not sufficient to constrain the planet eccentricities. However, a preliminary dynamical analysis suggests that eccentricities should be typically lower than about 0.03 for the system to remain stable. With two pairs of planets with a period ratio lower than 1.5, with short orbital periods, low masses, and low eccentricities, HD 215152 is similar to the very compact multi-planet systems found by Kepler, which is very rare in radial-velocity surveys. This discovery proves that these systems can be reached with the radial-velocity technique, but characterizing them requires a huge amount of observations.

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