Probabilistic Consensus of the Blockchain Protocol

Marinkovic, Bojan; Glavan, Paola; Ognjanovic, Zoran; Doder, Dragan; Studer, Thomas (September 2019). Probabilistic Consensus of the Blockchain Protocol. Lecture notes in computer science, 11726, pp. 469-480. Springer 10.1007/978-3-030-29765-7_39

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We introduce a temporal epistemic logic with probabilities as an extension of temporal epistemic logic. This extension enables us to reason about properties that characterize the uncertain nature of knowledge, like “agent a will with high probability know after time s same fact”. To define semantics for the logic we enrich temporal epistemic Kripke models with probability functions defined on sets of possible worlds. We use this framework to model and reason about probabilistic properties of the blockchain protocol, which is in essence probabilistic since ledgers are immutable with high probabilities. We prove the probabilistic convergence for reaching the consensus of the protocol.

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