Afatinib vs Placebo as Adjuvant Therapy After Chemoradiotherapy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Burtness, Barbara; Haddad, Robert; Dinis, José; Trigo, José; Yokota, Tomoya; de Souza Viana, Luciano; Romanov, Ilya; Vermorken, Jan; Bourhis, Jean; Tahara, Makoto; Martins Segalla, José Getulio; Psyrri, Amanda; Vasilevskaya, Irina; Nangia, Chaitali Singh; Chaves-Conde, Manuel; Kiyota, Naomi; Homma, Akihiro; Holeckova, Petra; Del Campo, Josep Maria; Asarawala, Nirav; ... (2019). Afatinib vs Placebo as Adjuvant Therapy After Chemoradiotherapy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA oncology, 5(8), pp. 1170-1180. American Medical Association 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.1146

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Importance

Locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is treated curatively; however, risk of recurrence remains high among some patients. The ERBB family blocker afatinib has shown efficacy in recurrent or metastatic HNSCC.

Objective

To assess whether afatinib therapy after definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) improves disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with HNSCC.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This multicenter, phase 3, double-blind randomized clinical trial (LUX-Head & Neck 2) studied 617 patients from November 2, 2011, to July 4, 2016. Patients who had complete response after CRT, comprising radiotherapy with cisplatin or carboplatin, with or without resection of residual disease, for locoregionally advanced high- or intermediate-risk HNSCC of the oral cavity, hypopharynx, larynx, or oropharynx were included in the study. Data analysis was of the intention-to-treat population.

Interventions

Patients were randomized (2:1) to treatment with afatinib (40 mg/d) or placebo, stratified by nodal status (N0-2a or N2b-3) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (0 or 1). Treatment continued for 18 months or until disease recurrence, unacceptable adverse events, or patient withdrawal.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary end point was DFS, defined as time from the date of randomization to the date of tumor recurrence or secondary primary tumor or death from any cause. Secondary end points were DFS at 2 years, overall survival (defined as time from the date of randomization to death), and health-related quality of life.

Results

A total of 617 patients were studied (mean [SD] age, 58 [8.4] years; 528 male [85.6%]). Recruitment was stopped after a preplanned interim futility analysis on July 4, 2016, on recommendation from an independent data monitoring committee. Treatment was discontinued. Median DFS was 43.4 months (95% CI, 37.4 months to not estimable) in the afatinib group and not estimable (95% CI, 40.1 months to not estimable) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.81-1.57; stratified log-rank test P = .48). The most common grade 3 and 4 drug-related adverse effects were acneiform rash (61 [14.8%] of 411 patients in the afatinib group vs 1 [0.5%] of 206 patients in the placebo group), stomatitis (55 [13.4%] in the afatinib group vs 1 [0.5%] in the placebo group), and diarrhea (32 [7.8%] in the afatinib group vs 1 [0.5%] in the placebo group).

Conclusions and Relevance

This study's findings indicate that treatment with afatinib after CRT did not improve DFS and was associated with more adverse events than placebo in patients with primary, unresected, clinically high- to intermediate-risk HNSCC. The use of adjuvant afatinib after CRT is not recommended.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01345669.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Original Article)

Division/Institute:

04 Faculty of Medicine > Department of Haematology, Oncology, Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Medicine and Hospital Pharmacy (DOLS) > Clinic of Medical Oncology

UniBE Contributor:

Rauch, Daniel

Subjects:

600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health

ISSN:

2374-2437

Publisher:

American Medical Association

Language:

English

Submitter:

Rebeka Gerber

Date Deposited:

07 Jan 2020 09:31

Last Modified:

05 Dec 2022 15:34

Publisher DOI:

10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.1146

PubMed ID:

31194247

BORIS DOI:

10.7892/boris.137516

URI:

https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/137516

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