Acute Limb Ischemia in Peripheral Artery Disease.

Hess, Connie N; Huang, Zhen; Patel, Manesh R; Baumgartner, Iris; Berger, Jeffrey S; Blomster, Juuso I; Fowkes, F Gerry R; Held, Peter; Jones, W Schuyler; Katona, Brian; Mahaffey, Kenneth W; Norgren, Lars; Rockhold, Frank W; Hiatt, William R (2019). Acute Limb Ischemia in Peripheral Artery Disease. Circulation, 140(7), pp. 556-565. American Heart Association 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.039773

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BACKGROUND

Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is an important clinical event and an emerging cardiovascular clinical trial outcome. Risk factors for and outcomes after ALI have not been fully evaluated.

METHODS

EUCLID (Examining Use of Ticagrelor in Peripheral Artery Disease) randomized patients with peripheral artery disease to ticagrelor versus clopidogrel. Enrollment criteria included an ankle-brachial index ≤0.80 or previous lower extremity revascularization. Patients were grouped according to the primary outcome, postrandomization ALI hospitalization. Baseline factors associated with ALI were identified using Cox proportional hazards modeling. Models with ALI hospitalization as a time-dependent covariate were developed for secondary outcomes of major adverse cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death, ischemic stroke), all-cause mortality, and major amputation.

RESULTS

Among 13 885 patients, 1.7% (n=232) had 293 ALI hospitalizations (0.8 per 100 patient-years). Patients with versus without ALI were younger and more often had previous peripheral revascularization and lower baseline ankle-brachial index. Treatment during ALI hospitalization included endovascular revascularization (39.2%, n=115), surgical bypass (24.6%, n=72), and major amputation (13.0%, n=38). After multivariable adjustment, any previous peripheral revascularization (Hazard Ratio [HR] 4.7, 95% CI 3.3-6.8, P<0.01), baseline atrial fibrillation (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.2, P=0.03), and baseline ankle-brachial index ≤0.60 (HR 1.3 per 0.10 decrease, 95% CI 1.1-1.5, P<0.01) were associated with higher ALI risk. Older age (HR 0.8 per 10-year increase, 95% CI 0.7-1.0, P=0.02) and baseline statin use (HR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.9, P<0.01) were associated with lower risk for ALI. There was no relationship between randomized treatment to ticagrelor or clopidogrel and ALI. Among patients with previous revascularization, surgical versus endovascular procedures performed more than 6 months prior were associated with ALI (adjusted HR 2.63, 95% CI 1.75-3.96). In the overall population, ALI hospitalization was associated with subsequent MACE (adjusted HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-2.1, P=0.04), all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 3.3, 95% CI 2.4-4.6, P<0.01), and major amputation (adjusted HR 34.2, 95% CI 9.7-20.8, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Previous peripheral revascularization, baseline atrial fibrillation, and lower ankle-brachial index identify peripheral artery disease patients at heightened risk for ALI, an event associated with subsequent cardiovascular and limb-related morbidity and mortality.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION

URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01732822.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Original Article)

Division/Institute:

04 Faculty of Medicine > Department of Cardiovascular Disorders (DHGE) > Clinic of Angiology

UniBE Contributor:

Baumgartner, Iris

Subjects:

600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health

ISSN:

1524-4539

Publisher:

American Heart Association

Language:

English

Submitter:

Catherine Gut

Date Deposited:

24 Jan 2020 17:21

Last Modified:

05 Dec 2022 15:34

Publisher DOI:

10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.039773

PubMed ID:

31238713

Uncontrolled Keywords:

peripheral arterial disease treatment outcome

BORIS DOI:

10.7892/boris.137602

URI:

https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/137602

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