Roles of non-coding RNAs in ciliate genome architecture.

Allen, Sarah E.; Nowacki, Mariusz (2020). Roles of non-coding RNAs in ciliate genome architecture. Journal of molecular biology, 432(15), pp. 4186-4198. Elsevier 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.12.042

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Ciliates are an interesting model system for investigating diverse functions of non-coding RNAs, especially in genome defence pathways. During sexual development, the ciliate somatic genome undergoes massive rearrangement and reduction through removal of transposable elements and other repetitive DNA. This is guided by a multitude of non-coding RNAs of different sizes and functions, the extent of which is only recently becoming clear. The genome rearrangement pathways evolved as a defence against parasitic DNA, but interestingly also employ the transposable elements and transposases to execute their own removal. Thus, ciliates are also a good model for the co-evolution of host and transposable element, and the mutual dependence between the two. In this review we summarise the genome rearrangement pathways in three diverse species of ciliate, with focus on recent discoveries and the roles of non-coding RNAs.

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