Stealth dark matter confinement transition and gravitational waves

Brower, R. C.; Cushman, K.; Fleming, G. T.; Gasbarro, A.; Hasenfratz, A.; Jin, X. Y.; Kribs, G. D.; Neil, E. T.; Osborn, J. C.; Rebbi, C.; Rinaldi, E.; Schaich, D.; Vranas, P.; Witzel, O. (2021). Stealth dark matter confinement transition and gravitational waves. Physical review. D - particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology, 103(1), 014505. American Physical Society 10.1103/PhysRevD.103.014505

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We use nonperturbative lattice calculations to investigate the finite-temperature confinement transition of stealth dark matter, focusing on the regime in which this early-Universe transition is first order and would generate a stochastic background of gravitational waves. Stealth dark matter extends the standard model with a new strongly coupled SU(4) gauge sector with four massive fermions in the fundamental representation, producing a stable spin-0 "dark baryon" as a viable composite dark matter candidate. Future searches for stochastic gravitational waves will provide a new way to discover or constrain stealth dark matter, in addition to previously investigated direct-detection and collider experiments. As a first step to enabling this phenomenology, we determine how heavy the dark fermions need to be in order to produce a first-order stealth dark matter confinement transition.

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