Magnetization-prepared 2 Rapid Gradient-Echo MRI for B1 Insensitive 3D T1 Mapping of Hip Cartilage: An Experimental and Clinical Validation.

Schmaranzer, Florian; Afacan, Onur; Lerch, Till; Kim, Young-Jo; Siebenrock, Klaus-Arno; Ith, Michael; Cullmann, Jennifer; Kober, Tobias; Klarhoefer, Markus; Tannast, Moritz; Bixby, Sarah D; Novais, Eduardo N; Jung, Bernd (2021). Magnetization-prepared 2 Rapid Gradient-Echo MRI for B1 Insensitive 3D T1 Mapping of Hip Cartilage: An Experimental and Clinical Validation. Radiology, 299(1), pp. 150-158. Radiological Society of North America 10.1148/radiol.2021200085

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Background Often used for T1 mapping of hip cartilage, three-dimensional (3D) dual-flip-angle (DFA) techniques are highly sensitive to flip angle variations related to B1 inhomogeneities. The authors hypothesized that 3D magnetization-prepared 2 rapid gradient-echo (MP2RAGE) MRI would help provide more accurate T1 mapping of hip cartilage at 3.0 T than would 3D DFA techniques. Purpose To compare 3D MP2RAGE MRI with 3D DFA techniques using two-dimensional (2D) inversion recovery T1 mapping as a standard of reference for hip cartilage T1 mapping in phantoms, healthy volunteers, and participants with hip pain. Materials and Methods T1 mapping at 3.0 T was performed in phantoms and in healthy volunteers using 3D MP2RAGE MRI and 3D DFA techniques with B1 field mapping for flip angle correction. Participants with hip pain prospectively (July 2019-January 2020) underwent indirect MR arthrography (with intravenous administration of 0.2 mmol/kg of gadoterate meglumine), including 3D MP2RAGE MRI. A 2D inversion recovery-based sequence served as a T1 reference in phantoms and in participants with hip pain. In healthy volunteers, cartilage T1 was compared between 3D MP2RAGE MRI and 3D DFA techniques. Paired t tests and Bland-Altman analysis were performed. Results Eleven phantoms, 10 healthy volunteers (median age, 27 years; range, 26-30 years; five men), and 20 participants with hip pain (mean age, 34 years ± 10 [standard deviation]; 17 women) were evaluated. In phantoms, T1 bias from 2D inversion recovery was lower for 3D MP2RAGE MRI than for 3D DFA techniques (mean, 3 msec ± 11 vs 253 msec ± 85; P < .001), and, unlike 3D DFA techniques, the deviation found with MP2RAGE MRI did not correlate with increasing B1 deviation. In healthy volunteers, regional cartilage T1 difference (109 msec ± 163; P = .008) was observed only for the 3D DFA technique. In participants with hip pain, the mean T1 bias of 3D MP2RAGE MRI from 2D inversion recovery was -23 msec ± 31 (P < .001). Conclusion Compared with three-dimensional (3D) dual-flip-angle techniques, 3D magnetization-prepared 2 rapid gradient-echo MRI enabled more accurate T1 mapping of hip cartilage, was less affected by B1 inhomogeneities, and showed high accuracy against a T1 reference in participants with hip pain. © RSNA, 2021.

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