Impacts of extreme summers on European ecosystems: a comparative analysis of 2003, 2010 and 2018

Bastos, A.; Fu, Z.; Ciais, P.; Friedlingstein, P.; Sitch, S.; Pongratz, J.; Weber, U.; Reichstein, M.; Anthoni, P.; Arneth, A.; Haverd, V.; Jain, A.; Joetzjer, E.; Knauer, J.; Lienert, Sebastian; Loughran, T.; McGuire, P. C.; Obermeier, W.; Padrón, R. S.; Shi, H.; ... (2020). Impacts of extreme summers on European ecosystems: a comparative analysis of 2003, 2010 and 2018. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society. Series B - biological sciences, 375(1810), p. 20190507. Royal Society of London 10.1098/rstb.2019.0507

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In Europe, three widespread extreme summer drought and heat (DH) eventshave occurred in 2003, 2010 and 2018. These events were comparable inmagnitude but varied in their geographical distribution and biomes affected.In this study, we perform a comparative analysis of the impact of the DHevents on ecosystem CO2fluxes over Europe based on an ensemble of11 dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs), and the observation-based FLUXCOM product. We find that all DH events were associatedwith decreases in net ecosystem productivity (NEP), but the gross summerflux anomalies differ between DGVMs and FLUXCOM. At the annualscale, FLUXCOM and DGVMs indicate close to neutral or above-averageland CO2uptake in DH2003 and DH2018, due to increased productivityin spring and reduced respiration in autumn and winter compensating forless photosynthetic uptake in summer. Most DGVMs estimate lower grossprimary production (GPP) sensitivity to soil moisture during extreme sum-mers than FLUXCOM. Finally, we show that the different impacts of the DHevents at continental-scale GPP are in part related to differences in veg-etation composition of the regions affected and to regional compensatingor offsetting effects from climate anomalies beyond the DH centres.This article is part of the theme issue‘Impacts of the 2018 severe droughtand heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale’.

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