Development, validation and clinical usefulness of a prognostic model for relapse in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Chalkou, Konstantina; Steyerberg, Ewout; Bossuyt, Patrick; Subramaniam, Suvitha; Benkert, Pascal; Kuhle, Jens; Disanto, Giulio; Kappos, Ludwig; Zecca, Chiara; Egger, Matthias; Salanti, Georgia (2021). Development, validation and clinical usefulness of a prognostic model for relapse in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Diagnostic and prognostic research, 5(1), p. 17. BioMed Central 10.1186/s41512-021-00106-6

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BACKGROUND

Prognosis for the occurrence of relapses in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), the most common subtype of multiple sclerosis (MS), could support individualized decisions and disease management and could be helpful for efficiently selecting patients for future randomized clinical trials. There are only three previously published prognostic models on this, all of them with important methodological shortcomings.

OBJECTIVES

We aim to present the development, internal validation, and evaluation of the potential clinical benefit of a prognostic model for relapses for individuals with RRMS using real-world data.

METHODS

We followed seven steps to develop and validate the prognostic model: (1) selection of prognostic factors via a review of the literature, (2) development of a generalized linear mixed-effects model in a Bayesian framework, (3) examination of sample size efficiency, (4) shrinkage of the coefficients, (5) dealing with missing data using multiple imputations, (6) internal validation of the model. Finally, we evaluated the potential clinical benefit of the developed prognostic model using decision curve analysis. For the development and the validation of our prognostic model, we followed the TRIPOD statement.

RESULTS

We selected eight baseline prognostic factors: age, sex, prior MS treatment, months since last relapse, disease duration, number of prior relapses, expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score, and number of gadolinium-enhanced lesions. We also developed a web application that calculates an individual's probability of relapsing within the next 2 years. The optimism-corrected c-statistic is 0.65 and the optimism-corrected calibration slope is 0.92. For threshold probabilities between 15 and 30%, the "treat based on the prognostic model" strategy leads to the highest net benefit and hence is considered the most clinically useful strategy.

CONCLUSIONS

The prognostic model we developed offers several advantages in comparison to previously published prognostic models on RRMS. Importantly, we assessed the potential clinical benefit to better quantify the clinical impact of the model. Our web application, once externally validated in the future, could be used by patients and doctors to calculate the individualized probability of relapsing within 2 years and to inform the management of their disease.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Original Article)

Division/Institute:

04 Faculty of Medicine > Pre-clinic Human Medicine > Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM)

Graduate School:

Graduate School for Health Sciences (GHS)

UniBE Contributor:

Chalkou, Konstantina, Egger, Matthias, Salanti, Georgia

Subjects:

600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health
300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology > 360 Social problems & social services

ISSN:

2397-7523

Publisher:

BioMed Central

Language:

English

Submitter:

Andrea Flükiger-Flückiger

Date Deposited:

05 Nov 2021 19:40

Last Modified:

03 Jan 2023 12:04

Publisher DOI:

10.1186/s41512-021-00106-6

PubMed ID:

34706759

Uncontrolled Keywords:

Clinical benefit Clinical usefulness Prognosis Prognostic model Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

BORIS DOI:

10.48350/160646

URI:

https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/160646

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