Harmonized-Multinational qEEG Norms (HarMNqEEG).

Li, Min; Wang, Ying; Lopez-Naranjo, Carlos; Reyes, Ronaldo Cesar Garcia; Hamid, Aini Ismafairus Abd; Evans, Alan C; Savostyanov, Alexander N; Calzada-Reyes, Ana; Areces-Gonzalez, Ariosky; Villringer, Arno; Tobon-Quintero, Carlos A; Garcia-Agustin, Daysi; Paz-Linares, Deirel; Yao, Dezhong; Dong, Li; Aubert-Vazquez, Eduardo; Reza, Faruque; Omar, Hazim; Abdullah, Jafri Malin; Galler, Janina R; ... (2022). Harmonized-Multinational qEEG Norms (HarMNqEEG). NeuroImage, 256, p. 119190. Elsevier 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119190

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This paper extends the frequency domain quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) methods pursuing higher sensitivity to detect Brain Developmental Disorders. Prior qEEG work lacked integration of cross-spectral information omitting important functional connectivity descriptors. Lack of geographical diversity precluded accounting for site-specific variance, increasing qEEG nuisance variance. We ameliorate these weaknesses. i) Create lifespan Riemannian multinational qEEG norms for cross-spectral tensors. These norms result from the HarMNqEEG project fostered by the Global Brain Consortium. We calculate the norms with data from 9 countries, 12 devices, and 14 studies, including 1564 subjects. Instead of raw data, only anonymized metadata and EEG cross-spectral tensors were shared. After visual and automatic quality control, developmental equations for the mean and standard deviation of qEEG traditional and Riemannian DPs were calculated using additive mixed-effects models. We demonstrate qEEG "batch effects" and provide methods to calculate harmonized z-scores. ii) We also show that the multinational harmonized Riemannian norms produce z-scores with increased diagnostic accuracy to predict brain dysfunction at school-age produced by malnutrition only in the first year of life. iii) We offer open code and data to calculate different individual z-scores from the HarMNqEEG dataset. These results contribute to developing bias-free, low-cost neuroimaging technologies applicable in various health settings.

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