Zuin, Jessica; Roth, Gregory; Zhan, Yinxiu; Cramard, Julie; Redolfi, Josef; Piskadlo, Ewa; Mach, Pia; Kryzhanovska, Mariya; Tihanyi, Gergely; Kohler, Hubertus; Eder, Mathias; Leemans, Christ; van Steensel, Bas; Meister, Peter; Smallwood, Sebastien; Giorgetti, Luca (2022). Nonlinear control of transcription through enhancer-promoter interactions. Nature, 604(7906), pp. 571-577. Springer Nature 10.1038/s41586-022-04570-y
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Chromosome structure in mammals is thought to regulate transcription by modulating three-dimensional interactions between enhancers and promoters, notably through CTCF-mediated loops and topologically associating domains (TADs)1-4. However, how chromosome interactions are actually translated into transcriptional outputs remains unclear. Here, to address this question, we use an assay to position an enhancer at large numbers of densely spaced chromosomal locations relative to a fixed promoter, and measure promoter output and interactions within a genomic region with minimal regulatory and structural complexity. A quantitative analysis of hundreds of cell lines reveals that the transcriptional effect of an enhancer depends on its contact probabilities with the promoter through a nonlinear relationship. Mathematical modelling suggests that nonlinearity might arise from transient enhancer-promoter interactions being translated into slower promoter bursting dynamics in individual cells, therefore uncoupling the temporal dynamics of interactions from those of transcription. This uncovers a potential mechanism of how distal enhancers act from large genomic distances, and of how topologically associating domain boundaries block distal enhancers. Finally, we show that enhancer strength also determines absolute transcription levels as well as the sensitivity of a promoter to CTCF-mediated transcriptional insulation. Our measurements establish general principles for the context-dependent role of chromosome structure in long-range transcriptional regulation.
Item Type: |
Journal Article (Original Article) |
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Division/Institute: |
08 Faculty of Science > Department of Biology > Institute of Cell Biology |
UniBE Contributor: |
Meister, Pierre |
Subjects: |
500 Science > 570 Life sciences; biology |
ISSN: |
1476-4687 |
Publisher: |
Springer Nature |
Language: |
English |
Submitter: |
Pubmed Import |
Date Deposited: |
20 Apr 2022 10:54 |
Last Modified: |
17 Jul 2023 09:06 |
Publisher DOI: |
10.1038/s41586-022-04570-y |
PubMed ID: |
35418676 |
BORIS DOI: |
10.48350/169331 |
URI: |
https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/169331 |
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