Adding salt to foods and hazard of premature mortality.

Ma, Hao; Xue, Qiaochu; Wang, Xuan; Li, Xiang; Franco, Oscar H; Li, Yanping; Heianza, Yoriko; Manson, JoAnn E; Qi, Lu (2022). Adding salt to foods and hazard of premature mortality. European Heart Journal, 43(30), pp. 2878-2888. Oxford University Press 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac208

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AIMS

We analyzed whether the frequency of adding salt to foods was associated with the hazard of premature mortality and life expectancy.

METHODS AND RESULTS

A total of 501 379 participants from UK biobank who completed the questionnaire on the frequency of adding salt to foods at baseline. The information on the frequency of adding salt to foods (do not include salt used in cooking) was collected through a touch-screen questionnaire at baseline. We found graded relationships between higher frequency of adding salt to foods and higher concentrations of spot urinary sodium or estimated 24-h sodium excretion. During a median of 9.0 years of follow-up, 18 474 premature deaths were documented. The multivariable hazard ratios [95% confidence interval (CI)] of all-cause premature mortality across the increasing frequency of adding salt to foods were 1.00 (reference), 1.02 (0.99, 1.06), 1.07 (1.02, 1.11), and 1.28 (1.20, 1.35) (P-trend < 0.001). We found that intakes of fruits and vegetables significantly modified the associations between the frequency of adding salt to foods and all-cause premature mortality, which were more pronounced in participants with low intakes than those with high intakes of these foods (P-interaction = 0.02). In addition, compared with the never/rarely group, always adding salt to foods was related to 1.50 (95% CI, 0.72-2.30) and 2.28 (95% CI, 1.66-2.90) years lower life expectancy at the age of 50 years in women and men, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings indicate that higher frequency of adding salt to foods is associated with a higher hazard of all-cause premature mortality and lower life expectancy.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Original Article)

Division/Institute:

04 Faculty of Medicine > Pre-clinic Human Medicine > Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM)

UniBE Contributor:

Franco Duran, Oscar Horacio

Subjects:

600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health
300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology > 360 Social problems & social services

ISSN:

0195-668X

Publisher:

Oxford University Press

Language:

English

Submitter:

Pubmed Import

Date Deposited:

11 Jul 2022 08:08

Last Modified:

12 Jul 2023 00:25

Publisher DOI:

10.1093/eurheartj/ehac208

PubMed ID:

35808995

Uncontrolled Keywords:

Death Salt intake Sodium

BORIS DOI:

10.48350/171209

URI:

https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/171209

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