Transformative enterprises: Characteristics and a definition

Hug, Miriam; Mayer, Heike; Seidl, Irmi (2022). Transformative enterprises: Characteristics and a definition. Geography compass, 16(12) Wiley-Blackwell 10.1111/gec3.12667

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This paper contributes to an emerging discussion about transformative enterprises, which are increasingly seen as change agents in sustainability transformations. Some schol-ars have hitherto described them as pioneering enterprises that strive for fundamental changes towards sustainability at different scales. Economic geography has, however, so far glossed over a micro-perspective on such enterprises. In this paper, we define transformative enterprises in detail by systematically identifying and elaborating their characteris-tics and actions. We ask: What operationalizable character-istics that refer to transformative enterprises are discussed in the literature? How can we define transformative enterprises?Starting from a comprehensive literature review, we iden-tify nine key dimensions of transformative enterprises that we specify with a set of indicators, and we then synthesize our finding with a definition. With this contribution, we further develop the concept of transformative enterprise in economic geography and show how it complements current conceptualizations of firm-level agency and system-level agency.

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