Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: A report from the multi-international clinical trial AIEOP-BFM ALL 2009.

Barnbrock, Anke; Möricke, Anja; Barbaric, Draga; Jones, Neil; Koenig, Christa; Moser, Reinhard; Rohde, Marius; Salvador, Christina; Alten, Julia; Elitzur, Sarah; Groll, Andreas H; Lehrnbecher, Thomas (2024). Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: A report from the multi-international clinical trial AIEOP-BFM ALL 2009. British journal of haematology, 204(6), pp. 2319-2323. Wiley 10.1111/bjh.19382

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Pneumocystis jirovecii can cause life-threatening pneumonia (PjP), and patients with haematological malignancies are at high risk of this infection. Prophylactic measures have significantly decreased morbidity and mortality, but there is a paucity of contemporary data on the incidence and clinical course of PjP in well-defined and homogenous patient populations, such as children suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). In the multi-international trial AIEOP-BFM ALL2009, PjP was diagnosed in six children (incidence 1/1000) and was associated with insufficient prophylaxis in five of them. Although none of the patients died of PjP, the long-term impact of the infection is unclear.

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