Peri-implant inflammation defined by the implant-abutment interface

Broggini, Nina; McManus, Linda M; Hermann, Joachim S; Medina, Raúl Uriel; Schenk, Robert Konrad; Buser, Daniel; Cochran, David L (2006). Peri-implant inflammation defined by the implant-abutment interface. Journal of dental research, 85(5), pp. 473-478. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage 10.1177/154405910608500515

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An implant-abutment interface at the alveolar bone crest is associated with sustained peri-implant inflammation; however, whether magnitude of inflammation is proportionally dependent upon interface position remains unknown. This study compared the distribution and density of inflammatory cells surrounding implants with a supracrestal, crestal, or subcrestal implant-abutment interface. All implants developed a similar pattern of peri-implant inflammation: neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) maximally accumulated at or immediately coronal to the interface. However, peri-implant neutrophil accrual increased progressively as the implant-abutment interface depth increased, i.e., subcrestal interfaces promoted a significantly greater maximum density of neutrophils than did supracrestal interfaces (10,512 +/- 691 vs. 2398 +/- 1077 neutrophils/mm(2)). Moreover, inflammatory cell accumulation below the original bone crest was significantly correlated with bone loss. Thus, the implant-abutment interface dictates the intensity and location of peri-implant inflammatory cell accumulation, a potential contributing component in the extent of implant-associated alveolar bone loss.

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