Gene expression in working skeletal muscle

Hoppeler, Hans; Klossner, Stephan; Flück, Martin (2007). Gene expression in working skeletal muscle. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 618, pp. 245-254. Wien: Springer

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A number of molecular tools enable us to study the mechanisms of muscle plasticity. Ideally, this research is conducted in view of the structural and functional consequences of the exercise-induced changes in gene expression. Muscle cells are able to detect mechanical, metabolic, neuronal and hormonal signals which are transduced over multiple pathways to the muscle genome. Exercise activates many signaling cascades--the individual characteristic of the stress leading to a specific response of a network of signaling pathways. Signaling typically results in the transcription of multiple early genes among those of the well known for and jun family, as well as many other transcription factors. These bind to the promoter regions of downstream genes initiating the structural response of muscle tissue. While signaling is a matter of minutes, early genes are activated over hours leading to a second wave of transcript adjustments of structure genes that can then be effective over days. Repeated exercise sessions thus lead to a concerted accretion of mRNAs which upon translation results in a corresponding protein accretion. On the structural level, the protein accretion manifests itself for instance as an increase in mitochondrial volume upon endurance training or an increase in myofibrillar proteins upon strength training. A single exercise stimulus carries a molecular signature which is typical both for the type of stimulus (i.e. endurance vs. strength) as well as the actual condition of muscle tissue (i.e. untrained vs. trained). Likewise, it is clearly possible to distinguish a molecular signature of an expressional adaptation when hypoxic stress is added to a regular endurance exercise protocol in well-trained endurance athletes. It therefore seems feasible to use molecular tools to judge the properties of an exercise stimulus much earlier and at a finer level than is possible with conventional functional or structural techniques.

Item Type:	Journal Article (Further Contribution)
Division/Institute:	04 Faculty of Medicine > Pre-clinic Human Medicine > Institute of Anatomy 04 Faculty of Medicine > Pre-clinic Human Medicine > Institute of Anatomy > Functional Anatomy
UniBE Contributor:	Hoppeler, Hans-Heinrich, Klossner, Stephan, Flück, Martin
ISSN:	0065-2598
ISBN:	18269202
Publisher:	Springer
Language:	English
Submitter:	Factscience Import
Date Deposited:	04 Oct 2013 14:55
Last Modified:	05 Dec 2022 14:17
PubMed ID:	18269202
Web of Science ID:	000252483900019
URI:	https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/23531 (FactScience: 42219)