Downregulation of the S1P Transporter Spinster Homology Protein 2 (Spns2) Exerts an Anti-Fibrotic and Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Human Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells.

Blanchard, Olivier; Stepanovska, Bisera; Starck, Manuel Thierry; Erhardt, Martin; Römer, Isolde; Meyer Zu Heringdorf, Dagmar; Pfeilschifter, Josef; Zangemeister-Wittke, Uwe; Huwiler, Andrea (2018). Downregulation of the S1P Transporter Spinster Homology Protein 2 (Spns2) Exerts an Anti-Fibrotic and Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Human Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells. International journal of molecular sciences, 19(5) Molecular Diversity Preservation International MDPI 10.3390/ijms19051498

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Sphingosine kinase (SK) catalyses the formation of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), which acts as a key regulator of inflammatory and fibrotic reactions, mainly via S1P receptor activation. Here, we show that in the human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK2, the profibrotic mediator transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) induces SK-1 mRNA and protein expression, and in parallel, it also upregulates the expression of the fibrotic markers connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and fibronectin. Stable downregulation of SK-1 by RNAi resulted in the increased expression of CTGF, suggesting a suppressive effect of SK-1-derived intracellular S1P in the fibrotic process, which is lost when SK-1 is downregulated. In a further approach, the S1P transporter Spns2, which is known to export S1P and thereby reduces intracellular S1P levels, was stably downregulated in HK2 cells by RNAi. This treatment decreased TGFβ-induced CTGF and fibronectin expression, and it abolished the strong induction of the monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) by the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interleukin (IL)-1β. Moreover, it enhanced the expression of aquaporin 1, which is an important water channel that is expressed in the proximal tubules, and reverted aquaporin 1 downregulation induced by IL-1β/TNFα. On the other hand, overexpression of a Spns2-GFP construct increased S1P secretion and it resulted in enhanced TGFβ-induced CTGF expression. In summary, our data demonstrate that in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, SK-1 downregulation accelerates an inflammatory and fibrotic reaction, whereas Spns2 downregulation has an opposite effect. We conclude that Spns2 represents a promising new target for the treatment of tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Original Article)

Division/Institute:

04 Faculty of Medicine > Pre-clinic Human Medicine > Institute of Pharmacology

Graduate School:

Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB)

UniBE Contributor:

Blanchard, Olivier, Stepanovska Tanturovska, Bisera, Starck, Manuel Thierry, Erhardt, Martin, Zangemeister-Wittke, Uwe, Huwiler, Andrea

Subjects:

600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health

ISSN:

1661-6596

Publisher:

Molecular Diversity Preservation International MDPI

Language:

English

Submitter:

Olivier Blanchard

Date Deposited:

31 May 2018 10:48

Last Modified:

02 Mar 2023 23:30

Publisher DOI:

10.3390/ijms19051498

PubMed ID:

29772789

Uncontrolled Keywords:

CTGF aquaporin 1 fibrosis human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells inflammation sphingosine 1-phosphate sphingosine kinase 1 spinster homology protein 2 (Spns2)

BORIS DOI:

10.7892/boris.116867

URI:

https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/116867

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