IL-15 Expression Pattern in Atopic Dermatitis.

Karlen, Hélène; Yousefi, Shida; Simon, Hans-Uwe; Simon, Dagmar (2020). IL-15 Expression Pattern in Atopic Dermatitis. International archives of allergy and immunology, 181(6), pp. 417-421. Karger 10.1159/000508515

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BACKGROUND

An increased expression of interleukin (IL)-15, a cytokine with a key role in stimulating innate and adaptive immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DC), natural killer cells, and T cells, has been observed in infectious and inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune diseases as well as cancer. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by a type 2 immune response.

OBJECTIVE

To explore the expression of IL-15 and its pattern in AD skin.

METHOD

Immunofluorescence staining was performed on skin specimens of AD skin, nonlesional AD skin (AD NL), and normal skin (NS) using antibodies directed against IL-15 and CD3, mast cell tryptase, eosinophil cationic protein, CD68, CD11b, CD1a, and vimentin.

RESULTS

A significantly higher IL-15 expression in AD and AD NL was observed in both the epidermis (p = 0.0003) and the dermis (p = 0.0154) as compared to NS. Cells expressing IL-15 were mainly keratinocytes, CD1a+ DC, CD11b+ DC, CD68+ macrophages, and vimentin+ fibroblasts. In AD, an increase in the relative numbers of IL-15 expressing CD1a+ DC, macrophages, and fibroblasts was noted.

CONCLUSION

Our results demonstrate an expression of IL-15 in AD similar to that of eosinophilic esophagitis which is also a type 2 disease. IL-15 may serve as a therapeutic target for AD.

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