Lopinavir-Ritonavir Impairs Adrenal Function in Infants.

Kariyawasam, Dulanjalee; Peries, Marianne; Foissac, Frantz; Eymard-Duvernay, Sabrina; Tylleskär, Thorkild; Singata-Madliki, Mandisa; Kankasa, Chipepo; Meda, Nicolas; Tumwine, James; Mwiya, Mwiya; Engebretsen, Ingunn; Flück, Christa E.; Hartmann, Michaela F; Wudy, Stefan A; Hirt, Deborah; Treluyer, Jean Marc; Molès, Jean-Pierre; Blanche, Stéphane; Van De Perre, Philippe; Polak, Michel; ... (2020). Lopinavir-Ritonavir Impairs Adrenal Function in Infants. Clinical infectious diseases, 71(4), pp. 1030-1039. Oxford University Press 10.1093/cid/ciz888

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BACKGROUND

Perinatal treatment with lopinavir boosted by ritonavir (LPV/r) is associated with steroidogenic abnormalities. Long-term effects in infants have not been studied.

METHODS

Adrenal-hormone profiles were compared at weeks 6 and 26 between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-exposed but uninfected infants randomly assigned at 7 days of life to prophylaxis with LPV/r or lamivudine (3TC) to prevent transmission during breastfeeding. LPV/r in vitro effect on steroidogenesis was assessed in H295R cells.

RESULTS

At week 6, 159 frozen plasma samples from Burkina Faso and South Africa were assessed (LPV/r group: n = 92; 3TC group: n = 67) and at week 26, 95 samples from Burkina Faso (LPV/r group: n = 47; 3TC group: n = 48). At week 6, LPV/r-treated infants had a higher median dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) level than infants from the 3TC arm: 3.91 versus 1.48 ng/mL (P < .001). Higher DHEA levels (>5 ng/mL) at week 6 were associated with higher 17-OH-pregnenolone (7.78 vs 3.71 ng/mL, P = .0004) and lower testosterone (0.05 vs 1.34 ng/mL, P = .009) levels in LPV/r-exposed children. There was a significant correlation between the DHEA and LPV/r AUC levels (ρ = 0.40, P = .019) and Ctrough (ρ = 0.40, P = .017). At week 26, DHEA levels remained higher in the LPV/r arm: 0.45 versus 0.13 ng/mL (P = .002). Lopinavir, but not ritonavir, inhibited CYP17A1 and CYP21A2 activity in H295R cells.

CONCLUSIONS

Lopinavir was associated with dose-dependent adrenal dysfunction in infants. The impact of long-term exposure and potential clinical consequences require evaluation.Giving lopinavir to infants during their first year of life induces early, asymptomatic adrenal disruption compatible with the combined inhibition of CYP 21 and CYP 17 enzymes. The impact of prolonged treatment on the adrenal glands may require further attention.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Original Article)

Division/Institute:

04 Faculty of Medicine > Pre-clinic Human Medicine > BioMedical Research (DBMR) > Unit Childrens Hospital > Forschungsgruppe Endokrinologie / Diabetologie / Metabolik (Pädiatrie)
04 Faculty of Medicine > Department of Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Endocrinology (DFKE) > Clinic of Paediatric Medicine
04 Faculty of Medicine > Pre-clinic Human Medicine > BioMedical Research (DBMR) > Unit Childrens Hospital
04 Faculty of Medicine > Department of Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Endocrinology (DFKE) > Clinic of Paediatric Medicine > Endocrinology/Metabolic Disorders

UniBE Contributor:

Flück Pandey, Christa Emma

Subjects:

600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health
500 Science > 570 Life sciences; biology

ISSN:

1537-6591

Publisher:

Oxford University Press

Language:

English

Submitter:

Anette van Dorland

Date Deposited:

03 Jan 2020 15:21

Last Modified:

05 Dec 2022 15:34

Publisher DOI:

10.1093/cid/ciz888

PubMed ID:

31633158

Uncontrolled Keywords:

CYP21 and CYP17 inhibition HIV infant prophylaxis adrenal function impairment lopinavir

BORIS DOI:

10.7892/boris.136863

URI:

https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/136863

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