Cerebral Ovine Herpesvirus 2 Infection of Cattle Is Associated With a Variable Neuropathological Phenotype.

Hierweger, Melanie M.; Boujon, Céline L; Kauer, Ronja V.; Meylan, Mireille; Seuberlich, Torsten; Oevermann, Anna (2021). Cerebral Ovine Herpesvirus 2 Infection of Cattle Is Associated With a Variable Neuropathological Phenotype. Veterinary pathology, 58(2), pp. 384-395. Sage 10.1177/0300985820970493

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Cross-species infection with ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) in cattle causes malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). MCF may involve the central nervous system (CNS) with necrotizing arteritis and/or vasculitis described to be unique to MCF and discriminatory compared to other viral CNS infections. However, a systematic histopathological characterization of the neural form of MCF in cattle is lacking. We examined medulla oblongata (n = 9) or the entire brain (n = 9) of 18 cattle in which OvHV-2 was identified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), in order to pinpoint potential variations in neuropathology. In 2/18 animals (11%) no lesions were identified, while 16/18 cattle (89%) had brain lesions of varying severity. Presence and quantities of OvHV-2 nucleic acid were determined by in situ hybridization and qPCR, respectively, and were related to the severity of lesions. Fifteen of 18 animals (83%) showed vasculitis, which was mainly of the lymphohistiocytic type, while pathognomonic necrotizing arteritis was only rarely present. Neuroparenchymal lesions included gliosis and/or neuronal changes in 7/16 brains with lesions (44%). The number of CD3+ lymphocytes was highest in animals with simultaneous vascular and neuroparenchymal lesions and high viral genome load. In one animal, OvHV-2 was exclusively observed in CD3+ lymphocytes but not in neurons or microglia. In conclusion, the neuropathological phenotype of bovine MCF in the brain was variable. In some cases, lesions mimicked neurotropic viral encephalitis, while pathognomonic necrotizing arteritis was not a consistent feature of neural MCF. Therefore, molecular detection of OvHV-2 is warranted in the presence of nonsuppurative encephalitis and in the absence of necrotizing arteritis.

Item Type:	Journal Article (Original Article)
Division/Institute:	05 Veterinary Medicine > Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine (DKV) 05 Veterinary Medicine > Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health (DCR-VPH) > Experimental Clinical Research 05 Veterinary Medicine > Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology (DIP) > Institute of Animal Pathology
UniBE Contributor:	Hierweger, Melanie Michaela, Kauer, Ronja Veronique, Meylan, Mireille, Seuberlich, Torsten, Oevermann, Anna
Subjects:	600 Technology > 630 Agriculture 500 Science > 570 Life sciences; biology 500 Science > 590 Animals (Zoology) 600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health
ISSN:	1544-2217
Publisher:	Sage
Language:	English
Submitter:	Nathalie Viviane Zollinger
Date Deposited:	28 Dec 2020 17:58
Last Modified:	05 Dec 2022 15:43
Publisher DOI:	10.1177/0300985820970493
PubMed ID:	33205708
Uncontrolled Keywords:	immunofluorescence immunohistochemistry in situ hybridization malignant catarrhal fever neurotropism nonsuppurative encephalitis ovine herpesvirus 2 vasculitis
URI:	https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/150386