Liimatta, Jani; Flück, Christa E; Mäntyselkä, Aino; Häkkinen, Merja R; Auriola, Seppo; Voutilainen, Raimo; Jääskeläinen, Jarmo; Lakka, Timo A (2023). Effects of 2-year physical activity and dietary intervention on adrenarchal and pubertal development: the PANIC study. The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 108(12), e1603-e1613. Oxford University Press 10.1210/clinem/dgad367
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CONTEXT
Childhood overweight has been linked to earlier development of adrenarche and puberty, but it remains unknown if lifestyle interventions influence sexual maturation in general populations.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate if a 2-year lifestyle intervention influences circulating androgen concentrations and sexual maturation in a general population of children.
DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS
A 2-year intervention study in which 421 prepubertal and mostly normal-weight 6-9-year-old children were allocated either to a lifestyle intervention group (119 girls, 132 boys) or a control group (84 girls, 86 boys).
INTERVENTION
A 2-year physical activity and dietary intervention.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Serum dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, and testosterone concentrations, and clinical adrenarchal and pubertal signs.
RESULTS
The intervention and control groups had no differences in body size and composition, clinical signs of androgen action, and serum androgens at baseline. The intervention attenuated the increase of dehydroepiandrosterone (p = 0.032), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (p = 0.001), androstenedione (p = 0.003), and testosterone (p = 0.007) and delayed pubarche (p = 0.038) in boys but it only attenuated the increase of dehydroepiandrosterone (p = 0.013) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (p = 0.003) in girls. These effects of lifestyle intervention on androgens and the development of pubarche were independent of changes in body size and composition but the effects of intervention on androgens were partly explained by changes in fasting serum insulin.
CONCLUSIONS
A combined physical activity and dietary intervention attenuates the increase of serum androgen concentrations and sexual maturation in a general population of prepubertal and mostly normal-weight children, independently of changes in body size and composition.
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