EEG for good outcome prediction after cardiac arrest: a multicentre cohort study.

Turella, S; Dankiewicz, J; Ben-Hamouda, N; Bernhard Nilsen, K; Düring, J; Endisch, C; Engstrøm, M; Flügel, D; Gaspard, N; Grejs, A M; Haenggi, M.; Haffey, S; Imbach, L; Johnsen, B; Kemlink, D; Leithner, C; Legriel, S; Lindehammar, H; Mazzon, G; Nielsen, N; ... (2024). EEG for good outcome prediction after cardiac arrest: a multicentre cohort study. Resuscitation, 202, p. 110319. Elsevier 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110319

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AIM

Assess the prognostic ability of a non-highly malignant and reactive EEG to predict good outcome after cardiac arrest (CA).

METHODS

Prospective observational multicentre substudy of the "Targeted Hypothermia versus Targeted Normothermia after Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Trial", also known as the TTM2-trial. Presence or absence of highly malignant EEG patterns and EEG reactivity to external stimuli were prospectively assessed and reported by the trial sites. Highly malignant patterns were defined as burst-suppression or suppression with or without superimposed periodic discharges. Multimodal prognostication was performed 96 hours after CA. Good outcome at 6 months was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0-3.

RESULTS

873 comatose patients at 59 sites had an EEG assessment during the hospital stay. Of these, 283 (32%) had good outcome. EEG was recorded at a median of 69 hours (IQR 47-91) after CA. Absence of highly malignant EEG patterns was seen in 543 patients of whom 255 (29% of the cohort) had preserved EEG reactivity. A non-highly malignant and reactive EEG had 56% (CI 50-61) sensitivity and 83% (CI 80-86) specificity to predict good outcome. Presence of EEG reactivity contributed (p<0.001) to the specificity of EEG to predict good outcome compared to only assessing background pattern without taking reactivity into account.

CONCLUSION

Nearly one-third of comatose patients resuscitated after CA had a non-highly malignant and reactive EEG that was associated with a good long-term outcome. Reactivity testing should be routinely performed since preserved EEG reactivity contributed to prognostic performance.

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