Untangling "NETosis" from NETs.

Yousefi, Shida; Stojkov, Darko; Germic, Nina; Simon, Dagmar; Wang, Xiaoliang; Benarafa, Charaf; Simon, Hans-Uwe (2019). Untangling "NETosis" from NETs. European journal of immunology, 49(2), pp. 221-227. Wiley-VCH 10.1002/eji.201747053

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Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is a cellular function of neutrophils that facilitates the immobilization and killing of invading microorganisms in the extracellular milieu. To form NETs, neutrophils release a DNA scaffold consisting of mitochondrial DNA binding granule proteins. This process does not depend on cell death, but requires glycolytic ATP production for rearrangements in the microtubule network and F-actin. Such cytoskeletal rearrangements are essential for both mitochondrial DNA release and degranulation. However, the formation of NETs has also been described as a distinct form of programed, necrotic cell death, a process designated "NETosis." Necrotic cell death of neutrophils is associated with the permeabilization of both plasma and nuclear membranes resulting in a kind of extracellular cloud of nuclear DNA. The molecular mechanisms eliciting necrotic neutrophil death have been investigated and appear to be different from those responsible for NET formation following mitochondrial DNA release. Here, we discriminate between the mechanisms responsible for the release of mitochondrial versus nuclear DNA and address their respective functions. Our aim is to clarify existing differences of opinion in the fields of NET formation and neutrophil death.

Item Type:

Journal Article (Review Article)

Division/Institute:

04 Faculty of Medicine > Pre-clinic Human Medicine > Institute of Pharmacology
04 Faculty of Medicine > Department of Dermatology, Urology, Rheumatology, Nephrology, Osteoporosis (DURN) > Clinic of Dermatology
05 Veterinary Medicine > Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology (DIP) > Institute of Virology and Immunology
05 Veterinary Medicine > Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology (DIP)

Graduate School:

Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB)

UniBE Contributor:

Yousefi, Shida, Stojkov, Darko, Germic, Nina, Simon, Dagmar, Wang, Xiaoliang, Benarafa, Charaf, Simon, Hans-Uwe

Subjects:

600 Technology > 610 Medicine & health
600 Technology > 630 Agriculture

ISSN:

0014-2980

Publisher:

Wiley-VCH

Language:

English

Submitter:

Celine Joray

Date Deposited:

30 Jan 2019 11:09

Last Modified:

05 Dec 2022 15:25

Publisher DOI:

10.1002/eji.201747053

PubMed ID:

30629284

Uncontrolled Keywords:

Cell death Innate immunity Mitochondrial DNA NET formation Neutrophils

BORIS DOI:

10.7892/boris.125012

URI:

https://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/125012

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