Mechanical properties, cytotoxicity, and protein adsorption of three-dimensionally printable hybrid resin containing zwitterionic polymer and silicate-based composites for dental restorations.

Kim, Hyun-Tae; Cakmak, Gülce; Lee, Yun-Hee; Jo, Ye-Hyeon; Yoon, Hyung-In; Yilmaz, Burak (2024). Mechanical properties, cytotoxicity, and protein adsorption of three-dimensionally printable hybrid resin containing zwitterionic polymer and silicate-based composites for dental restorations. Journal of dentistry, 147, p. 105134. Elsevier 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105134

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OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the mechanical and biological properties of three-dimensionally (3D) printable resins filled with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and silicate-based composites and compare with those of a commercially available 3D-printable resin for definitive restorations.

METHODS

A group of 3D-printable hybrid resins (HRs) filled with 6 wt% MPC and three different compositions of silicate-based composites (barium silicate to zirconium silicate ratios: 1.50:1 for HR1, 0.67:1 for HR2, and 0.25:1 for HR3) were prepared. The HR groups were compared with the commercially available unfilled 3D-printable resin (CR) marketed for definitive restorations in terms of flexural strength and modulus, fracture toughness, surface roughness, Vickers hardness, light transmittance (all, n=15), cytotoxicity, and protein adsorption (both, n=3). All data were analyzed by using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests (α=.05).

RESULTS

The HR groups had significantly higher flexural strength, modulus, fracture toughness, and hardness values than the CR (P<0.001). HR3 had the highest surface roughness and light transmittance among the groups (P≤0.006). None of tested resins showed cytotoxicity. Both HR2 and HR3 showed significantly lower protein adsorption than the CR, with a difference of approximately 60% (P≤0.026).

CONCLUSION

Both HR2 and HR3 exhibited superior mechanical properties (flexural strength, flexural modulus, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness), light transmittance, and protein-repellent activity than the CR, with no impact on cytotoxicity.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

The MPC/silicate-based composite-filled resins may be a suitable alternative for definitive restorations, given their higher mechanical properties and promising biological properties to prevent microbial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation, as well as their non-cytotoxic properties.

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