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Schwab, Tiana Carina; Perrig, Lisa; Göller, Pauline Carlotta; Guebely De La Hoz, Freddy Fernando; Lahousse, Adrien Philippe; Minder, Beatrice; Günther, Gunar; Efthimiou, Orestis; Omar, Shaheed Vally; Egger, Matthias; Fenner, Lukas (2024). Targeted next-generation sequencing to diagnose drug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The lancet. Infectious diseases, 24(10), pp. 1162-1176. Elsevier 10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00263-9
Johansen, Isik S; Roen, Ashley; Kraef, Christian; Martín-Iguacel, Raquel; Nemeth, Johannes; Fenner, Lukas; Zangerle, Robert; Llibre, Josep M; Miller, Robert F; Suarez, Isabelle; de Wit, Stephane; Wit, Ferdinand; Mussini, Christina; Saracino, Annalisa; Canetti, Diana; Volny-Anne, Alain; Jaschinski, Nadine; Neesgaard, Bastian; Ryom, Lene; Peters, Lars; ... (2024). Risk of tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy among persons with HIV in Europe. International journal of infectious diseases, 147, p. 107199. Elsevier 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107199
Banholzer, Nicolas; Bittel, Pascal; Jent, Philipp; Furrer, Lavinia; Zürcher, Kathrin; Egger, Matthias; Hascher, Tina; Fenner, Lukas (2024). Molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses in saliva and classroom air: a two winters tale. Clinical microbiology and infection, 30(6), 829.e1-829.e4. Elsevier 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.03.002
Banholzer, Nicolas; Jent, Philipp; Bittel, Pascal; Zürcher, Kathrin; Furrer, Lavinia; Bertschinger, Simon; Weingartner, Ernest; Ramette, Alban; Egger, Matthias; Hascher, Tina; Fenner, Lukas (2024). Air Cleaners and Respiratory Infections in Schools: A Modeling Study Based on Epidemiologic, Environmental, and Molecular Data. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 11(4), ofae169. Oxford University Press 10.1093/ofid/ofae169
Banholzer, Nicolas; Schmutz, Remo; Middelkoop, Keren; Hella, Jerry; Egger, Matthias; Wood, Robin; Fenner, Lukas (2024). Airborne transmission risks of tuberculosis and COVID-19 in schools in South Africa, Switzerland, and Tanzania: Modeling of environmental data. PLoS Global Public Health, 4(1), e0002800. Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002800
Enane, Leslie A; Duda, Stephany N; Chanyachukul, Thida; Bolton-Moore, Carolyn; Navuluri, Neelima; Messou, Eugène; Mbonze, Nana; McDade, LaQuita R; Figueiredo, Marina Cruvinel; Ross, Jeremy; Evans, Denise; Diero, Lameck; Akpata, Robert; Zotova, Natalia; Freeman, Aimee; Pierre, Marie Flore; Rupasinghe, Dhanushi; Ballif, Marie; Byakwaga, Helen; de Castro, Nathalie; ... (2024). The Tuberculosis Sentinel Research Network (TB-SRN) of the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA): protocol for a prospective cohort study in Africa, Southeast Asia and Latin America. BMJ open, 14(1), e079138. BMJ Publishing Group 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079138
Perrig, Lisa; Abela, Irene A; Banholzer, Nicolas; Audigé, Annette; Epp, Selina; Mugglin, Catrina; Zürcher, Kathrin; Egger, Matthias; Trkola, Alexandra; Fenner, Lukas (2023). Long-term course of neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in vaccinated and unvaccinated staff and residents in a Swiss nursing home: a cohort study 2021-2022. Swiss medical weekly, 153(12), p. 3502. EMH Schweizerischer Ärzteverlag 10.57187/s.3502
Skrivankova, Veronika; Hossmann, Stefanie; Cornell, Morna; Ballif, Marie; Dupont, Carole; Huwa, Jacqueline; Seintaridis, Konstantinos; Kalua, Thokozani; Wandeler, Gilles; Kassanjee, Reshma; Haas, Andreas D; Technau, Karl-Gunter; Fenner, Lukas; Low, Nicola; Davies, Mary-Ann; Egger, Matthias (2023). Authorship inequalities in global health research: the IeDEA Southern Africa collaboration. BMJ Global Health, 8(12), e013316. BMJ Publishing Group: Open Access 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013316
Heron, Leonie; Mugglin, Catrina; Zürcher, Kathrin; Brumann, Erich; Keune-Dübi, Bettina; Low, Nicola; Fenner, Lukas (2023). Contact tracing for COVID-19 in a Swiss canton: analysis of key performance indicators. Swiss medical weekly, 153, p. 40112. EMH Schweizerischer Ärzteverlag 10.57187/smw.2023.40112
Zürcher, Kathrin; Abela, Irene A; Stange, Madlen; Dupont, Carole; Mugglin, Catrina; Egli, Adrian; Trkola, Alexandra; Egger, Matthias; Fenner, Lukas (2023). Alpha variant coronavirus outbreak in a nursing home despite high vaccination coverage: molecular, epidemiological and immunological studies. Clinical infectious diseases, 77(4), pp. 537-546. Oxford 10.1093/cid/ciab1005
Anderegg, Nanina; Schwab, Tiana; Borcard, Loïc; Mugglin, Catrina; Keune-Dübi, Bettina; Ramette, Alban; Fenner, Lukas (2023). Population-based SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing and contact tracing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland. Journal of infectious diseases, 228(3), pp. 251-260. Oxford University Press 10.1093/infdis/jiad074
Banholzer, Nicolas; Zürcher, Kathrin; Jent, Philipp; Bittel, Pascal; Furrer, Lavinia; Egger, Matthias; Hascher, Tina; Fenner, Lukas (2023). SARS-CoV-2 transmission with and without mask wearing or air cleaners in schools in Switzerland: A modeling study of epidemiological, environmental, and molecular data. PLoS medicine, 20(5), e1004226. Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004226
Zwyer, Michaela; Rutaihwa, Liliana K; Windels, Etthel; Hella, Jerry; Menardo, Fabrizio; Sasamalo, Mohamed; Sommer, Gregor; Schmülling, Lena; Borrell, Sonia; Reinhard, Miriam; Dötsch, Anna; Hiza, Hellen; Stritt, Christoph; Sikalengo, George; Fenner, Lukas; De Jong, Bouke C; Kato-Maeda, Midori; Jugheli, Levan; Ernst, Joel D; Niemann, Stefan; ... (2023). Back-to-Africa introductions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the main cause of tuberculosis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. PLoS pathogens, 19(4), e1010893. Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010893
Marti, Mariana; Zürcher, Kathrin; Enane, Leslie A; Diero, Lameck; Marcy, Olivier; Tiendrebeogo, Thierry; Yotebieng, Marcel; Twizere, Christelle; Khusuwan, Suwimon; Yunihastuti, Evy; Reubenson, Gary; Shah, N Sarita; Egger, Matthias; Ballif, Marie; Fenner, Lukas (2022). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB services at ART programmes in low- and middle-income countries: a multi-cohort survey. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 25(10), e26018. BioMed Central 10.1002/jia2.26018
Romo, Matthew L; Brazier, Ellen; Mahambou-Nsondé, Dominique; De Waal, Reneé; Sekaggya-Wiltshire, Christine; Chimbetete, Cleophas; Muyindike, Winnie R; Murenzi, Gad; Kunzekwenyika, Cordelia; Tiendrebeogo, Thierry; Muhairwe, Josephine A; Lelo, Patricia; Dzudie, Anastase; Twizere, Christelle; Rafael, Idiovino; Ezechi, Oliver C; Diero, Lameck; Yotebieng, Marcel; Fenner, Lukas; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara K; ... (2022). Real-world use and outcomes of dolutegravir-containing antiretroviral therapy in HIV and tuberculosis co-infection: a site survey and cohort study in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 25(7), e25961. BioMed Central 10.1002/jia2.25961
Zürcher, Kathrin; Riou, Julien; Morrow, Carl; Ballif, Marie; Koch, Anastasia; Bertschinger, Simon; Warner, Digby F; Middelkoop, Keren; Wood, Robin; Egger, Matthias; Fenner, Lukas (2022). Estimating Tuberculosis Transmission Risks in a Primary Care Clinic in South Africa: Modeling of Environmental and Clinical Data. Journal of infectious diseases, 225(9), pp. 1642-1652. Oxford University Press 10.1093/infdis/jiab534
Zürcher, Kathrin; Cox, Samyra R; Ballif, Marie; Enane, Leslie A; Marcy, Olivier; Yotebieng, Marcel; Reubenson, Gary; Imsanguan, Worarat; Otero, Larissa; Suryavanshi, Nishi; Duda, Stephany N; Egger, Matthias; Tornheim, Jeffrey A; Fenner, Lukas (2022). Integrating services for HIV and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A global cross-sectional survey among ART clinics in low- and middle-income countries. PLoS Global Public Health, 2(3), e0000180. Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000180
Zürcher, Kathrin; Dupont, Carole; Weber, Peter; Grunt, Sebastian; Wilhelm, Ilca; Eigenmann, Daniela E; Reichmuth, Martina L.; Fankhauser, Manfred; Egger, Matthias; Fenner, Lukas (2022). Use and caregiver-reported efficacy of medical cannabis in children and adolescents in Switzerland. European journal of pediatrics, 181(1), pp. 335-347. Springer-Verlag 10.1007/s00431-021-04202-z
Cercamondi, Colin Ivano; Stoffel, Nicole; Moretti, Diego; Zoller, Thomas; Swinkels, Dorine W; Zeder, Christophe; Mhimibra, Francis; Hella, Jerry; Fenner, Lukas; Zimmermann, Michael Bruce (2021). Iron homeostasis during anemia of inflammation: a prospective study in patients with tuberculosis. Blood, 138(15), pp. 1293-1303. American Society of Hematology 10.1182/blood.2020010562
Zürcher, Kathrin; Mugglin, Catrina; Egger, Matthias; Müller, Sandro; Fluri, Michael; Bolick, Laurence; Piso, Rein Jan; Hoffmann, Matthias; Fenner, Lukas (2021). Vaccination willingness for COVID-19 among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional survey in a Swiss canton. Swiss medical weekly, 151, w30061. EMH Schweizerischer Ärzteverlag 10.4414/smw.2021.w30061
Ticlla, Monica R; Hella, Jerry; Hiza, Hellen; Sasamalo, Mohamed; Mhimbira, Francis; Rutaihwa, Liliana K; Droz, Sara; Schaller, Sarah; Reither, Klaus; Hilty, Markus; Comas, Inaki; Beisel, Christian; Schmid, Christoph D; Fenner, Lukas; Gagneux, Sebastien (2021). The Sputum Microbiome in Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Its Association With Disease Manifestations: A Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, p. 633396. Frontiers 10.3389/fmicb.2021.633396
Zürcher, Kathrin; Mugglin, Catrina; Suter-Riniker, Franziska; Keller, Peter M.; Egger, Matthias; Müller, Sandro; Fluri, Michael; Hoffmann, Matthias; Fenner, Lukas (2021). Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers from outpatient facilities and retirement or nursing homes in a Swiss canton. Swiss medical weekly, 151(33-34), w30021. EMH Schweizerischer Ärzteverlag 10.4414/SMW.2021.w30021
Zürcher, Kathrin; Reichmuth, Martina L.; Ballif, Marie; Loiseau, Chloé; Borrell, Sonia; Reinhard, Miriam; Skrivankova, Veronika; Hömke, Rico; Sander, Peter; Avihingsanon, Anchalee; Abimiku, Alash'le G; Marcy, Olivier; Collantes, Jimena; Carter, E Jane; Wilkinson, Robert J; Cox, Helen; Yotebieng, Marcel; Huebner, Robin; Fenner, Lukas; Böttger, Erik C; ... (2021). Mortality from drug-resistant tuberculosis in high-burden countries comparing routine drug susceptibility testing with whole-genome sequencing: a multicentre cohort study. The Lancet Microbe, 2(7), e320-e330. Elsevier 10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00044-6
Menardo, Fabrizio; Rutaihwa, Liliana K; Zwyer, Michaela; Borrell, Sonia; Comas, Iñaki; Conceição, Emilyn Costa; Coscolla, Mireia; Cox, Helen; Joloba, Moses; Dou, Horng-Yunn; Feldmann, Julia; Fenner, Lukas; Fyfe, Janet; Gao, Qian; García de Viedma, Darío; Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L; Gygli, Sebastian M; Hella, Jerry; Hiza, Hellen; Jugheli, Levan; ... (2021). Local adaptation in populations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis endemic to the Indian Ocean Rim [version 2; peer review: 3 approved]. F1000Research, 10, p. 60. F1000 Research Ltd 10.12688/f1000research.28318.2
Zürcher, Kathrin; Zwahlen, Marcel; Berlin, Claudia; Egger, Matthias; Fenner, Lukas (2021). Losing ground at the wrong time: trends in self-reported influenza vaccination uptake in Switzerland, Swiss Health Survey 2007-2017. BMJ open, 11(2), e041354. BMJ Publishing Group 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041354
Coscolla, Mireia; Gagneux, Sebastien; Menardo, Fabrizio; Loiseau, Chloé; Ruiz-Rodriguez, Paula; Borrell, Sonia; Otchere, Isaac Darko; Asante-Poku, Adwoa; Asare, Prince; Sánchez-Busó, Leonor; Gehre, Florian; Sanoussi, C N'Dira; Antonio, Martin; Affolabi, Dissou; Fyfe, Janet; Beckert, Patrick; Niemann, Stefan; Alabi, Abraham S; Grobusch, Martin P; Kobbe, Robin; ... (2021). Phylogenomics of Mycobacterium africanum reveals a new lineage and a complex evolutionary history. Microbial genomics, 7(2), 000477. Microbiology Society 10.1099/mgen.0.000477
Reichmuth, Martina L.; Hömke, Rico; Zürcher, Kathrin; Sander, Peter; Avihingsanon, Anchalee; Collantes, Jimena; Loiseau, Chloé; Borrell, Sonia; Reinhard, Miriam; Wilkinson, Robert J; Yotebieng, Marcel; Fenner, Lukas; Böttger, Erik C; Gagneux, Sebastien; Egger, Matthias; Keller, Peter Michael (2020). Natural Polymorphisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Conferring Resistance to Delamanid in Drug-naïve Patients. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 64(11), e00513-20. American Society for Microbiology 10.1128/AAC.00513-20
Loiseau, Chloé; Brites, Daniela; Reinhard, Miriam; Zürcher, Kathrin; Borrell, Sonia; Ballif, Marie; Fenner, Lukas; Cox, Helen; Rutaihwa, Liliana K; Wilkinson, Robert J; Yotebieng, Marcel; Carter, E Jane; Abimiku, Alash'le; Marcy, Olivier; Gotuzzo, Eduardo; Avihingsanon, Anchalee; Zetola, Nicola; Doulla, Basra; Böttger, Erik C; Egger, Matthias; ... (2020). HIV coinfection is associated with low fitness rpoB variants in rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 64(10), e00782-20. American Society for Microbiology 10.1128/AAC.00782-20
Zürcher, Kathrin; Morrow, Carl; Riou, Julien; Ballif, Marie; Koch, Anastasia Sideris; Bertschinger, Simon; Liu, Xin; Sharma, Manuja; Middelkoop, Keren; Warner, Digby; Wood, Robin; Egger, Matthias; Fenner, Lukas (2020). Novel approach to estimate tuberculosis transmission in primary care clinics in sub-Saharan Africa: protocol of a prospective study. BMJ open, 10(8), e036214. BMJ Publishing Group 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036214
Canova, Vera; Lederer Schläpfer, Heidi; Piso, Rein Jan; Droll, Armin; Fenner, Lukas; Hoffmann, Tobias; Hoffmann, Matthias (2020). Transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 to healthcare workers -observational results of a primary care hospital contact tracing. Swiss medical weekly, 150, w20257. EMH Schweizerischer Ärzteverlag 10.4414/smw.2020.20257
Pettit, April C; Jenkins, Cathy A; Blevins Peratikos, Meridith; Yotebieng, Marcel; Diero, Lameck; Do, Cuong D; Ross, Jeremy; Veloso, Valdilea G; Hawerlander, Denise; Marcy, Olivier; Shepherd, Bryan E; Fenner, Lukas; Sterling, Timothy R (2019). Directly observed therapy and risk of unfavourable tuberculosis treatment outcomes among an international cohort of people living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 22(12), e25423. BioMed Central 10.1002/jia2.25423
Zürcher, Kathrin; Ballif, Marie; Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin; Chenal, Henri; Yotebieng, Marcel; Grinsztejn, Beatriz; Michael, Denna; Sterling, Timothy R; Ngonyani, Kapella M; Mandalakas, Anna M; Egger, Matthias; Pettit, April C; Fenner, Lukas (2019). Diagnosis and clinical outcomes of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in antiretroviral therapy programmes in low- and middle-income countries: a multicohort study. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 22(9), e25392. BioMed Central 10.1002/jia2.25392
Mhalu, Grace; Hella, Jerry; Mhimbira, Francis; Said, Khadija; Mosabi, Thomas; Mlacha, Yeromin P; Schindler, Christian; Gagneux, Sébastien; Reither, Klaus; de Hoogh, Kees; Weiss, Mitchell G; Zemp, Elisabeth; Fenner, Lukas (2019). Pathways and associated costs of care in patients with confirmed and presumptive tuberculosis in Tanzania: A cross-sectional study. BMJ open, 9(4), e025079. BMJ Publishing Group 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025079
Rutaihwa, Liliana K; Sasamalo, Mohamed; Jaleco, Aladino; Hella, Jerry; Kingazi, Ally; Kamwela, Lujeko; Kingalu, Amri; Malewo, Bryceson; Shirima, Raymond; Doetsch, Anna; Feldmann, Julia; Reinhard, Miriam; Borrell, Sonia; Brites, Daniela; Reither, Klaus; Doulla, Basra; Fenner, Lukas; Gagneux, Sebastien (2019). Insights into the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Tanzania. PLoS ONE, 14(4), e0206334. Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pone.0206334
Mhalu, Grace; Weiss, Mitchell G; Hella, Jerry; Mhimbira, Francis; Mahongo, Enos; Schindler, Christian; Reither, Klaus; Fenner, Lukas; Zemp, Elisabeth; Merten, Sonja (2019). Explaining patient delay in healthcare seeking and loss to diagnostic follow-up among patients with presumptive tuberculosis in Tanzania: a mixed-methods study. BMC health services research, 19(1), p. 217. BioMed Central 10.1186/s12913-019-4030-4
Said, Khadija; Hella, Jerry; Ruzegea, Mwajabu; Solanki, Rajesh; Chiryamkubi, Magreth; Mhimbira, Francis; Ritz, Nicole; Schindler, Christian; Mandalakas, Anna M; Manji, Karim; Tanner, Marcel; Utzinger, Jürg; Fenner, Lukas (2019). Immunologic-Based Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis among Children Less Than 5 Years of Age Exposed and Unexposed to Tuberculosis in Tanzania: Implications for Tuberculosis Infection Screening. Pediatric infectious disease journal, 38(4), pp. 333-9. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 10.1097/INF.0000000000002131
Rutaihwa, Liliana K.; Menardo, Fabrizio; Stucki, David; Gygli, Sebastian M.; Ley, Serej D.; Malla, Bijaya; Feldmann, Julia; Borrell, Sonia; Beisel, Christian; Middelkoop, Kerren; Carter, E. Jane; Diero, Lameck; Ballif, Marie; Jugheli, Levan; Reither, Klaus; Fenner, Lukas; Brites, Daniela; Gagneux, Sebastien (2019). Multiple Introductions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineage 2–Beijing Into Africa Over Centuries (In Press). Frontiers in ecology and evolution, 7, p. 112. Frontiers Media 10.3389/fevo.2019.00112
Zürcher, Kathrin; Ballif, Marie; Fenner, Lukas; Borrell, Sonia; Keller, Peter M; Gnokoro, Joachim; Marcy, Olivier; Yotebieng, Marcel; Diero, Lameck; Carter, E Jane; Rockwood, Neesha; Wilkinson, Robert J; Cox, Helen; Ezati, Nicholas; Abimiku, Alash'le G; Collantes, Jimena; Avihingsanon, Anchalee; Kawkitinarong, Kamon; Reinhard, Miriam; Hömke, Rico; ... (2019). Drug susceptibility testing and mortality in patients treated for tuberculosis in high-burden countries: a multicentre cohort study. Lancet infectious diseases, 19(3), pp. 298-307. Elsevier 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30673-X
Zürcher, Kathrin; Zwahlen, Marcel; Berlin, Claudia; Egger, Matthias; Fenner, Lukas (2019). Trends in influenza vaccination uptake in Switzerland: Swiss Health Survey 2007 and 2012. Swiss medical weekly, 149, w14705. EMH Schweizerischer Ärzteverlag 10.4414/smw.2019.14705
Mhimbira, F; Hiza, H; Mbuba, E; Hella, J; Kamwela, L; Sasamalo, M; Ticlla, M; Said, K; Mhalu, G; Chiryamkubi, M; Schindler, C; Reither, K; Gagneux, S; Fenner, Lukas (2019). Prevalence and clinical significance of respiratory viruses and bacteria detected in tuberculosis patients compared to household contact controls in Tanzania: a cohort study. Clinical microbiology and infection, 25(1), 107.e1-107.e7. Blackwell Publishing 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.03.019
Kühnert, Denise; Coscolla, Mireia; Brites, Daniela; Stucki, David; Metcalfe, John; Fenner, Lukas; Gagneux, Sebastien; Stadler, Tanja (2018). Tuberculosis outbreak investigation using phylodynamic analysis. Epidemics, 25, pp. 47-53. Elsevier 10.1016/j.epidem.2018.05.004
Hiza, Hellen; Fenner, Lukas; Hella, Jerry; Kuchaka, Davis; Sasamalo, Mohamed; Blauenfeldt, Thomas; Kibiki, Gibson; Kavishe, Reginald A; Mhimbira, Francis; Ruhwald, Morten (2018). Boosting effect of IL-7 in interferon gamma release assays to diagnose Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. PLoS ONE, 13(8), e0202525. Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pone.0202525
Fenner, Lukas; Kässner, Anja; Berlin, Claudia; Egger, Matthias; Zwahlen, Marcel (2018). Trends in the use of mammography for early breast cancer detection in Switzerland: Swiss Health Surveys 2007 and 2012. Swiss medical weekly, 148, w14603. EMH Schweizerischer Ärzteverlag 10.4414/smw.2018.14603
Fenner, Lukas; Zürcher, Kathrin; Egger, Matthias (2018). Contagion and Public Health in Switzerland: Wilhelm Ost, MD (1853-1922), Polizeiarzt. American Journal of Public Health, 108(5), pp. 629-630. American Public Health Association 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304344
Ost, W (2018). On the Prophylaxis of Infectious Childhood Diseases: excerpted from: W. Ost, “Zur Prophylaxe der ansteckenden Kinderkrankheiten”. American Journal of Public Health, 108(5), pp. 627-628. American Public Health Association 10.2105/AJPH.2018.1085627
Hella, Jerry; Cercamondi, Colin I; Mhimbira, Francis; Sasamalo, Mohamed; Stoffel, Nicole; Zwahlen, Marcel; Bodmer, Thomas; Gagneux, Sebastien; Reither, Klaus; Zimmermann, Michael B; Risch, Lorenz; Fenner, Lukas (2018). Anemia in tuberculosis cases and household controls from Tanzania: Contribution of disease, coinfections, and the role of hepcidin. PLoS ONE, 13(4), e0195985. Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pone.0195985
Sikalengo, George; Hella, Jerry; Mhimbira, Francis; Rutaihwa, Liliana K; Bani, Farida; Ndege, Robert; Sasamalo, Mohamed; Kamwela, Lujeko; Said, Khadija; Mhalu, Grace; Mlacha, Yeromin; Hatz, Christoph; Knopp, Stefanie; Gagneux, Sébastien; Reither, Klaus; Utzinger, Jürg; Tanner, Marcel; Letang, Emilio; Weisser, Maja and Fenner, Lukas (2018). Distinct clinical characteristics and helminth co-infections in adult tuberculosis patients from urban compared to rural Tanzania. Infectious diseases of poverty, 7(1), p. 24. BioMed Central 10.1186/s40249-018-0404-9
Ballif, Marie; Zürcher, Kathrin; Reid, Stewart E; Boulle, Andrew; Fox, Matthew P; Prozesky, Hans W; Chimbetete, Cleophas; Zwahlen, Marcel; Egger, Matthias; Fenner, Lukas; IeDEA-SA, Int DB to Evaluate AIDS in Southern Africa (2018). Seasonal variations in tuberculosis diagnosis among HIV-positive individuals in Southern Africa: analysis of cohort studies at antiretroviral treatment programmes. BMJ open, 8(1), e017405. BMJ Publishing Group 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017405
Said, Khadija; Hella, Jerry; Knopp, Stefanie; Nassoro, Tatu; Shija, Neema; Aziz, Fatma; Mhimbira, Francis; Schindler, Christian; Mwingira, Upendo; Mandalakas, Anna M; Manji, Karim; Tanner, Marcel; Utzinger, Jürg; Fenner, Lukas (2017). Schistosoma, other helminth infections, and associated risk factors in preschool-aged children in urban Tanzania. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 11(11), e0006017. Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006017
Hella, Jerry; Morrow, Carl; Mhimbira, Francis; Ginsberg, Samuel; Chitnis, Nakul; Gagneux, Sebastien; Mutayoba, Beatrice; Wood, Robin; Fenner, Lukas (2017). Tuberculosis transmission in public locations in Tanzania: A novel approach to studying airborne disease transmission. Journal of infection, 75(3), pp. 191-197. Elsevier 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.06.009
Hiza, Hellen; Doulla, Basra; Sasamalo, Mohamed; Hella, Jerry; Kamwela, Lujeko; Mhimbira, Francis; Reither, Klaus; Gagneux, Sebastien; Jugheli, Levan; Fenner, Lukas (2017). Preservation of sputum samples with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) for tuberculosis cultures and Xpert MTB/RIF in a low-income country. BMC infectious diseases, 17(1), p. 542. BioMed Central 10.1186/s12879-017-2642-z
Kilcher, Gablu; Zwahlen, Marcel; Ritter, Christopher; Fenner, Lukas; Egger, Matthias (2017). Medical use of cannabis in Switzerland: analysis of approved exceptional licences. Swiss medical weekly, 147, w14463. EMH Schweizerischer Ärzteverlag 10.4414/smw.2017.14463
Fenner, Lukas; Atkinson, Andrew; Boulle, Andrew; Fox, Matthew P; Prozesky, Hans; Zürcher, Kathrin; Ballif, Marie; Furrer, Hansjakob; Zwahlen, Marcel; Davies, Mary-Ann; Egger, Matthias; eDEA-SA, Int. Epidemiology Database to Evaluate AIDS in Southern Africa (2017). HIV viral load as an independent risk factor for tuberculosis in South Africa: collaborative analysis of cohort studies. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 20(1), p. 21327. BioMed Central 10.7448/IAS.20.1.21327
Carlucci, James G; Blevins Peratikos, Meridith; Kipp, Aaron M; Lindegren, Mary L; Du, Quy T; Renner, Lorna; Reubenson, Gary; Ssali, John; Yotebieng, Marcel; Mandalakas, Anna M; Davies, Mary-Ann; Ballif, Marie; Fenner, Lukas; Pettit, April C (2017). Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes Among HIV/TB-Coinfected Children in the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Network. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes JAIDS, 75(2), pp. 156-163. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001335
Said, Khadija; Hella, Jerry; Mhalu, Grace; Chiryankubi, Mary; Masika, Edward; Maroa, Thomas; Mhimbira, Francis; Kapalata, Neema; Fenner, Lukas (2017). Diagnostic delay and associated factors among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Infectious diseases of poverty, 6(1), p. 64. BioMed Central 10.1186/s40249-017-0276-4
Mhimbira, Francis; Hella, Jerry; Said, Khadija; Kamwela, Lujeko; Sasamalo, Mohamed; Maroa, Thomas; Chiryamkubi, Magreth; Mhalu, Grace; Schindler, Christian; Reither, Klaus; Knopp, Stefanie; Utzinger, Jürg; Gagneux, Sébastien; Fenner, Lukas (2017). Prevalence and clinical relevance of helminth co-infections among tuberculosis patients in urban Tanzania. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 11(2), e0005342. Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005342
Stucki, David; Brites, Daniela; Jeljeli, Leïla; Coscolla, Mireia; Liu, Qingyun; Trauner, Andrej; Fenner, Lukas; Rutaihwa, Liliana; Borrell, Sonia; Luo, Tao; Gao, Qian; Kato-Maeda, Midori; Ballif, Marie; Egger, Matthias; Macedo, Rita; Mardassi, Helmi; Moreno, Milagros; Vilanova, Griselda Tudo; Fyfe, Janet; Globan, Maria; ... (2016). Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 4 comprises globally distributed and geographically restricted sublineages. Nature genetics, 48(12), pp. 1535-1543. Nature America 10.1038/ng.3704
Steiner, Andreas; Hella, Jerry; Grüninger, Servan; Mhalu, Grace; Mhimbira, Francis; Cercamondi, Colin I; Doulla, Basra; Maire, Nicolas; Fenner, Lukas (2016). Managing research and surveillance projects in real-time with a novel open-source eManagement tool designed for under-resourced countries. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 23(5), pp. 916-923. Oxford University Press 10.1093/jamia/ocv185
Mhimbira, Francis; Hella, Jerry; Maroa, Thomas; Kisandu, Shadrack; Chiryamkubi, Magreth; Said, Khadija; Mhalu, Grace; Mkopi, Abdallah; Mutayoba, Beatrice; Reither, Klaus; Gagneux, Sébastien; Fenner, Lukas (2016). Home-Based and Facility-Based Directly Observed Therapy of Tuberculosis Treatment under Programmatic Conditions in Urban Tanzania. PLoS ONE, 11(8), e0161171. Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pone.0161171
Leuenberger, Andrea; Nassoro, Tatu; Said, Khadija; Fenner, Lukas; Sikalengo, George; Letang, Emilio; Montresor, Antonio; Zhou, Xiao-Nong; Steinmann, Peter; Marti, Hanspeter; Utzinger, Jürg; Knopp, Stefanie (2016). Assessing stool quantities generated by three specific Kato-Katz thick smear templates employed in different settings. Infectious diseases of poverty, 5(1), p. 58. BioMed Central 10.1186/s40249-016-0150-9
Stucki, David; Ballif, Marie; Egger, Matthias; Furrer, Hansjakob; Altpeter, Ekkehardt; Battegay, Manuel; Droz, Sara Christine; Bruderer, Thomas; Coscolla, Mireia; Borrell, Sonia; Zürcher, Kathrin; Janssens, Jean-Paul; Calmy, Alexandra; Mazza Stalder, Jesica; Jaton, Katia; Rieder, Hans L; Pfyffer, Gaby E; Siegrist, Hans H; Hoffmann, Matthias; Fehr, Jan; ... (2016). Standard genotyping overestimates transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among immigrants in a low incidence country. Journal of clinical microbiology, 54(7), pp. 1862-1870. American Society for Microbiology 10.1128/JCM.00126-16
Charles, M Katherine; Lindegren, Mary Lou; Wester, C William; Blevins, Meridith; Sterling, Timothy R; Dung, Nguyen Thi; Dusingize, Jean Claude; Avit-Edi, Divine; Durier, Nicolas; Castelnuovo, Barbara; Nakigozi, Gertrude; Cortes, Claudia P; Ballif, Marie; Fenner, Lukas (2016). Implementation of Tuberculosis Intensive Case Finding, Isoniazid Preventive Therapy, and Infection Control ("Three I's") and HIV-Tuberculosis Service Integration in Lower Income Countries. PLoS ONE, 11(4), e0153243. Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pone.0153243
Zürcher, Kathrin; Ballif, Marie; Zwahlen, Marcel; Rieder, Hans L; Egger, Matthias; Fenner, Lukas (2016). Tuberculosis Mortality and Living Conditions in Bern, Switzerland, 1856-1950. PLoS ONE, 11(2), e0149195. Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pone.0149195
Zürcher, Kathrin; Zwahlen, Marcel; Ballif, Marie; Rieder, Hans L; Egger, Matthias; Fenner, Lukas (2016). Influenza Pandemics and Tuberculosis Mortality in 1889 and 1918: Analysis of Historical Data from Switzerland. PLoS ONE, 11(10), e0162575. Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pone.0162575
Mhalu, Grace; Hella, Jerry; Doulla, Basra; Mhimbira, Francis; Mtutu, Hawa; Hiza, Helen; Sasamalo, Mohamed; Rutaihwa, Liliana; Rieder, Hans L; Seimon, Tamsyn; Mutayoba, Beatrice; Weiss, Mitchell G; Fenner, Lukas (2015). Do Instructional Videos on Sputum Submission Result in Increased Tuberculosis Case Detection? A Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS ONE, 10(9), e0138413. Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pone.0138413
Stucki, David; Ballif, Marie; Bodmer, Thomas; Coscolla, Mireia; Maurer, Anne-Marie; Droz, Sara Christine; Butz, Christa; Borrell, Sonia; Längle, Christel; Feldmann, Julia; Furrer, Hansjakob; Mordasini, Carlo; Helbling, Peter; Rieder, Hans L; Egger, Matthias; Gagneux, Sébastien; Fenner, Lukas (2015). Tracking a tuberculosis outbreak over 21 years: strain-specific single nucleotide polymorphism-typing combined with targeted whole genome sequencing. Journal of infectious diseases, 211(8), pp. 1306-1316. Oxford University Press 10.1093/infdis/jiu601
Ballif, Marie; Renner, Lorna; Claude Dusingize, Jean; Leroy, Valeriane; Ayaya, Samuel; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara; Cortes, Claudia P; McGowan, Catherine C; Graber, Claire; Mandalakas, Anna M; Mofenson, Lynne M; Egger, Matthias; Kumara Wati, Ketut Dewi; Nallusamy, Revathy; Reubenson, Gary; Davies, Mary-Ann; Fenner, Lukas (2015). Tuberculosis in Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Diagnosis and Screening Practices. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 4(1), pp. 30-38. Oxford University Press 10.1093/jpids/piu020
Fenner, Lukas; Ballif, Marie; Graber, Claire; Nhandu, Venerandah; Dusingize, Jean Claude; Cortes, Claudia P; Carriquiry, Gabriela; Anastos, Kathryn; Garone, Daniela; Jong, Eefje; Gnokoro, Joachim Charles; Sued, Omar; Ajayi, Samuel; Diero, Lameck; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara; Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin; Castelnuovo, Barbara; Lewden, Charlotte; Durier, Nicolas; Sterling, Timothy R; ... (2013). Tuberculosis in antiretroviral treatment programs in lower income countries: availability and use of diagnostics and screening. PLoS ONE, 8(10), e77697. Lawrence, Kans.: Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pone.0077697
Schomaker, Michael; Egger, Matthias; Maskew, Mhairi; Garone, Daniela; Prozesky, Hans; Hoffmann, Christopher J.; Boulle, Andrew; Fenner, Lukas (2013). Immune recovery after starting ART in HIV-infected patients presenting and not presenting with tuberculosis in South Africa. JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES, 63(1), pp. 142-145. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318288b39d
Fenner, Lukas; Egger, Matthias; Bodmer, Thomas; Furrer, Hansjakob; Ballif, Marie; Battegay, Manuel; Helbling, Peter; Fehr, Jan; Gsponer, Thomas; Rieder, Hans L.; Zwahlen, Marcel; Hoffmann, Matthias; Bernasconi, Enos; Cavassini, Matthias; Calmy, Alexandra; Dolina, Marisa; Frei, Reno; Janssens, Jean-Paul; Borrell, Sonia; Stucki, David; ... (2013). HIV infection disrupts the sympatric host-pathogen relationship in human tuberculosis. PLoS genetics, 9(3), e1003318. Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003318
Fenner, Lukas; Reid, Stewart E; Fox, Matthew P; Garone, Daniela; Wellington, Maureen; Prozesky, Hans; Zwahlen, Marcel; Schomaker, Michael; Wandeler, Gilles; Kancheya, Nzali; Boulle, Andrew; Wood, Robin; Henostroza, German; Egger, Matthias (2013). Tuberculosis and the risk of opportunistic infections and cancers in HIV-infected patients starting ART in Southern Africa. Tropical medicine and international health TM&IH, 18(2), pp. 194-198. Oxford: Blackwell Science 10.1111/tmi.12026
Tweya, Hannock; Feldacker, Caryl; Phiri, Sam; Ben-Smith, Anne; Fenner, Lukas; Jahn, Andreas; Kalulu, Mike; Weigel, Ralf; Kamba, Chancy; Banda, Rabecca; Egger, Matthias; Keiser, Olivia (2013). Comparison of treatment outcomes of new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients by HIV and antiretroviral status in a TB/HIV clinic, Malawi. PLoS ONE, 8(2), e56248. Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pone.0056248
Fenner, Lukas; Gagneux, Sebastien; Janssens, Jean-Paul; Fehr, Jan; Cavassini, Matthias; Hoffmann, Matthias; Bernasconi, Enos; Schrenzel, Jacques; Bodmer, Thomas; Böttger, Erik C; Helbling, Peter; Egger, Matthias; for the Swiss HIV Cohort and Molecular Epidemiology of Tuberculo, (2012). Tuberculosis in HIV-Negative and HIV-Infected Patients in a Low-Incidence Country: Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes. PLoS ONE, 7(3), e34186. Lawrence, Kans.: Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pone.0034186
Fenner, Lukas; Egger, Matthias; Bodmer, Thomas; Altpeter, Ekkehardt; Zwahlen, Marcel; Jaton, Katia; Pfyffer, Gaby E; Borrell, Sonia; Dubuis, Olivier; Bruderer, Thomas; Siegrist, Hans H; Furrer, Hansjakob; Calmy, Alexandra; Fehr, Jan; Stalder, Jesica Mazza; Ninet, Béatrice; Böttger, Erik C; Gagneux, Sebastien; HIV Cohort Study, Swiss Molecular Epidemiol (2012). Effect of Mutation and Genetic Background on Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 56(6), pp. 3047-3053. Washington, D.C.: American Society for Microbiology 10.1128/AAC.06460-11
Fenner, Lukas; Gagneux, Sebastien; Helbling, Peter; Battegay, Manuel; Rieder, Hans L; Pfyffer, Gaby E; Zwahlen, Marcel; Furrer, Hansjakob; Siegrist, Hans H; Fehr, Jan; Dolina, Marisa; Calmy, Alexandra; Stucki, David; Jaton, Katia; Janssens, Jean-Paul; Stalder, Jesica Mazza; Bodmer, Thomas; Ninet, Beatrice; Böttger, Erik C; Egger, Matthias; ... (2012). Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in a country with low tuberculosis incidence: role of immigration and HIV infection. Journal of clinical microbiology, 50(2), pp. 388-395. Washington, D.C.: American Society for Microbiology 10.1128/JCM.05392-11
Feldacker, C; Tweya, H; Keiser, O; Weigel, R; Kalulu, M; Fenner, L; Egger, M; Manda, E; Mwafilaso, J B; Kamba, C; Phiri, S (2012). Characteristics of adults and children diagnosed with tuberculosis in Lilongwe, Malawi: findings from an integrated HIV/TB clinic. Tropical medicine and international health TM&IH, 17(9), pp. 1108-16. Oxford: Blackwell Science 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03041.x
Malla, Bijaya; Stucki, David; Borrell, Sonia; Feldmann, Julia; Maharjan, Bhagwan; Shrestha, Bhawana; Fenner, Lukas; Gagneux, Sebastien (2012). First insights into the phylogenetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Nepal. PLoS ONE, 7(12), e52297. Lawrence, Kans.: Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pone.0052297
Stucki, David; Malla, Bijaya; Hostettler, Simon; Huna, Thembela; Feldmann, Julia; Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy; Borrell, Sonia; Fenner, Lukas; Comas, Iñaki; Coscollà, Mireia; Gagneux, Sebastien (2012). Two new rapid SNP-typing methods for classifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex into the main phylogenetic lineages. PLoS ONE, 7(7), e41253. Lawrence, Kans.: Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pone.0041253
Ballif, M; Harino, P; Ley, S; Carter, R; Coulter, C; Niemann, S; Borrell, S; Fenner, L; Siba, P; Phuanukoonnon, S; Gagneux, S; Beck, H-P (2012). Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Madang, Papua New Guinea. International journal of tuberculosis and lung disease, 16(8), pp. 1100-1107. Paris: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease IUATLD 10.5588/ijtld.11.0779
Fenner, L.; Gagneux, S.; Kabuya, G.; Stucki, D.; Kabuayi, J. P.; Borrell, S.; Frei, R.; Burri, C.; Kalemwa, D.; Egger, M.; Okiata, J. P. (2011). Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance Conferring Mutations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. East African Medical Journal, 88(12), pp. 409-415. Kenya Medical Association
Fenner, L; Forster, M; Boulle, A; Phiri, S; Braitstein, P; Lewden, C; Schechter, M; Kumarasamy, N; Pascoe, M; Sprinz, E; Bangsberg, D R; Sow, P S; Dickinson, D; Fox, M P; McIntyre, J; Khongphatthanayothin, M; Dabis, F; Brinkhof, M W G; Wood, R and Egger, M (2011). Tuberculosis in HIV programmes in lower-income countries: practices and risk factors. International journal of tuberculosis and lung disease, 15(5), pp. 620-627. Paris: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease IUATLD 10.5588/ijtld.10.0249
Fenner, Lukas; Malla, Bijaya; Ninet, Béatrice; Dubuis, Olivier; Stucki, David; Borrell, Sonia; Huna, Thembela; Bodmer, Thomas; Egger, Matthias; Gagneux, Sebastien (2011). "Pseudo-Beijing": evidence for convergent evolution in the direct repeat region of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS ONE, 6(9), e24737. Lawrence, Kans.: Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pone.0024737
Fenner, L; Rieder, H L (2011). Isoniazid preventive therapy for all: are we ready? International journal of tuberculosis and lung disease, 15(10), pp. 1281-1282. Paris: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease IUATLD 10.5588/ijtld.11.0011
Fenner, Lukas; Brinkhof, Martin W G; Keiser, Olivia; Weigel, Ralf; Cornell, Morna; Moultrie, Harry; Prozesky, Hans; Technau, Karl; Eley, Brian; Vaz, Paula; Pascoe, Margaret; Giddy, Janet; Van Cutsem, Gilles; Wood, Robin; Egger, Matthias; Davies, Mary-Ann (2010). Early mortality and loss to follow-up in HIV-infected children starting antiretroviral therapy in Southern Africa. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes JAIDS, 54(5), pp. 524-532. Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181e0c4cf
Fenner, Lukas; Egger, Matthias; Gagneux, Sebastien (2009). Annie Darwin's death, the evolution of tuberculosis and the need for systems epidemiology. International journal of epidemiology, 38(6), pp. 1425-1428. Oxford: Oxford University Press 10.1093/ije/dyp367
Fenner, Lukas; Egger, Matthias (2008). Preventing HIV in resource-limited settings: evidence for action, from cross-sectional surveys. International journal of epidemiology, 37(6), pp. 1201-3. Oxford: Oxford University Press 10.1093/ije/dyn264
Egger, Matthias; Razum, Oliver; Rieder, Anita; Fenner, Lukas; Habermann-Horstmeier, Lotte; Jahn, Albrecht; Probst-Hensch, Nicole (2018). 1. Public Health: Konzepte, Disziplinen und Handlungsfelder. In: Egger, Matthias; Razum, Oliver; Rieder, Anita (eds.) Public Health Kompakt. De Gruyter Studium (pp. 1-30). Berlin: de Gruyter 10.1515/9783110466867-005
Bertschinger, Simon; Fenner, Lukas; Denecke, Kerstin (2023). Feasibility of Cough Detection and Classification Using Artificial Intelligence in an Ambulatory Setting with a Ceiling Mounted Microphone. In: 2023 IEEE 36th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS) (pp. 660-665). IEEE 10.1109/CBMS58004.2023.00296
Banholzer, Nicolas; Jent, Philipp; Bittel, Pascal; Zürcher, Kathrin; Furrer, Lavinia; Bertschinger, Simon; Weingartner, Ernest; Ramette, Alban; Egger, Matthias; Hascher, Tina; Fenner, Lukas (30 December 2023). Air cleaners and respiratory infections in schools: A modeling study using epidemiological, environmental, and molecular data. medRxiv 10.1101/2023.12.29.23300635
Zürcher, Kathrin (2021). Tuberculosis among people living with and without HIV in lower-income countries: Transmission, Resistance, Mortality. (Unpublished). (Dissertation, University of Bern, Faculty of Medicine, the Faculty of Science and the Vetsuisse Faculty)
Ballif, Marie; Zürcher, Kathrin; Reid, Stewart E; Boulle, Andrew; Fox, Matthew P; Prozesky, Hans W; Chimbetete, Cleophas; Zwahlen, Marcel; Egger, Matthias; Fenner, Lukas (2018). Seasonal variations in tuberculosis diagnosis among HIV-positive individuals in Southern Africa: Analysis of cohort studies at antiretroviral treatment programmes [Dataset]. In: Seasonal variations in tuberculosis diagnosis among HIV-positive individuals in Southern Africa.
