Leib, Stephen L.

Wegner, Fanny; Cabrera-Gil, Blanca; Tanguy, Araud; Beckmann, Christiane; Beerenwinkel, Niko; Bertelli, Claire; Carrara, Matteo; Cerutti, Lorenzo; Chen, Chaoran; Cordey, Samuel; Dumoulin, Alexis; du Plessis, Louis; Friedli, Marc; Gerth, Yannick; Greub, Gilbert; Härri, Adrian; Hirsch, Hans; Howald, Cedric; Huber, Michael; Imhof, Alexander; ... (2024). How much should we sequence? An analysis of the Swiss SARS-CoV-2 surveillance effort. Microbiology spectrum, 12(5), e0362823. American Society for Microbiology 10.1128/spectrum.03628-23

Schwitter, Janine; Branca, Mattia; Bicvic, Antonela; Abbühl, Lena S.; Suter-Riniker, Franziska; Leib, Stephen L.; Dietmann, Anelia (2024). Long-term sequelae after viral meningitis and meningoencephalitis are frequent, even in mildly affected patients, a prospective observational study. Frontiers in neurology, 15 Frontiers Media S.A. 10.3389/fneur.2024.1411860

Müller, Annelies; Lekhuleni, Cebile; Hupp, Sabrina; du Plessis, Mignon; Holivololona, Lalaina; Babiichuk, Eduard; Leib, Stephen L.; Grandgirard, Denis; Iliev, Asparouh I.; von Gottberg, Anne; Hathaway, Lucy J. (2023). Meningitis-associated pneumococcal serotype 8, ST 53, strain is hypervirulent in a rat model and has non-haemolytic pneumolysin which can be attenuated by liposomes. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 12 Frontiers 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1106063

Ernst, Alexander; Piragyte, Indre; MP, Ayisha Marwa; Le, Ngoc Dung; Grandgirard, Denis; Leib, Stephen L.; Oates, Andrew; Mercader, Nadia (2023). Identification of side effects of COVID-19 drug candidates on embryogenesis using an integrated zebrafish screening platform. Scientific reports, 13(1), p. 17037. Springer Nature 10.1038/s41598-023-43911-3

Terrazos Miani, Miguel A.; Borcard, Loïc; Gempeler, Sonja; Baumann, Christian; Bittel, Pascal; Leib, Stephen L.; Neuenschwander, Stefan; Ramette, Alban (2023). NASCarD (Nanopore Adaptive Sampling with Carrier DNA): A rapid, PCR-free method for whole genome sequencing of pathogens in clinical samples (Submitted) (medRxiv). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 10.1101/2023.03.10.23287094

Prazak, Josef; Valente, Luca; Iten, Manuela; Federer, Lea; Grandgirard, Denis; Soto, Sara; Resch, Gregory; Leib, Stephen L.; Jakob, Stephan M.; Haenggi, Matthias; Cameron, David R.; Que, Yok-Ai (2022). Benefits of aerosolized phages for the treatment of pneumonia due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): an experimental study in rats. The journal of infectious diseases, 225(8), pp. 1452-1459. Oxford University Press 10.1093/infdis/jiab112

Akello, Joyce Odeke; Kamgang, Richard; Barbani, Maria Teresa; Suter-Riniker, Franziska; Aebi, Christoph; Beuret, Christian; Paris, Daniel H.; Leib, Stephen L.; Ramette, Alban (2021). Genomic analyses of human adenoviruses unravel novel recombinant genotypes associated with severe infections in pediatric patients. Scientific reports, 11(1), p. 24038. Springer Nature 10.1038/s41598-021-03445-y

Ungureanu, Anamaria; van der Meer, Julia; Bicvic, Antonela; Abbuehl, Lena; Chiffi, Gabriele; Jaques, Léonore; Suter-Riniker, Franziska; Leib, Stephen L.; Bassetti, Claudio L.A.; Dietmann, Anelia (2021). Meningitis, meningoencephalitis and encephalitis in Bern: an observational study of 258 patients. BMC neurology, 21(1), p. 474. BioMed Central 10.1186/s12883-021-02502-3

Casanova, Carlo; Küffer, Marianne; Leib, Stephen L.; Hilty, Markus (2021). Re-emergence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and increase of serotype 23B after easing of COVID-19 measures, Switzerland, 2021. Emerging microbes & infections, 10(1), pp. 2202-2204. Taylor & Francis 10.1080/22221751.2021.2000892

Valente, Luca G.; Federer, Lea; Iten, Manuela; Grandgirard, Denis; Leib, Stephen L.; Jakob, Stephan M.; Haenggi, Matthias; Cameron, David R.; Que, Yok-Ai; Prazak, Josef (2021). Searching for synergy: combining systemic daptomycin treatment with localised phage therapy for the treatment of experimental pneumonia due to MRSA. BMC research notes, 14(1), p. 381. Biomed Central 10.1186/s13104-021-05796-1

Jebbawi, Fadi; Bellanger, Anne-Pauline; Lundström-Stadelmann, Britta; Rufener, Reto; Dosch, Michel; Goepfert, Christine; Gottstein, Bruno; Millon, Laurence; Grandgirard, Denis; Leib, Stephen L.; Beldi, Guido; Wang, Junhua (2021). Innate and adaptive immune responses following PD-L1 blockade in treating chronic murine alveolar echinococcosis. Parasite immunology, 43(8), e12834. Wiley 10.1111/pim.12834

Oyewole, Oluwaseun Rume-Abiola; Lang, Phung; Albrich, Werner C.; Wissel, Kerstin; Leib, Stephen L.; Casanova, Carlo; Hilty, Markus (2021). The Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) Coverage Heterogeneities on the Changing Epidemiology of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Switzerland, 2005–2019. Microorganisms, 9(5) MDPI 10.3390/microorganisms9051078

Goncalves Cabecinhas, Ana Rita; Roloff, Tim; Stange, Madlen; Bertelli, Claire; Huber, Michael; Ramette, Alban; Chen, Chaoran; Nadeau, Sarah; Gerth, Yannick; Yerly, Sabine; Opota, Onya; Pillonel, Trestan; Schuster, Tobias; Metzger, Cesar M J A; Sieber, Jonas; Bel, Michael; Wohlwend, Nadia; Baumann, Christian; Koch, Michel C.; Bittel, Pascal; ... (2021). SARS-CoV-2 N501Y Introductions and Transmissions in Switzerland from Beginning of October 2020 to February 2021-Implementation of Swiss-Wide Diagnostic Screening and Whole Genome Sequencing. Microorganisms, 9(4), p. 677. MDPI 10.3390/microorganisms9040677

Wang, Junhua; von Gunten, Stephan; Beldi, Guido; Grandgirard, Denis; Leib, Stephen L.; Gottstein, Bruno (2021). Digest the Sugar, Kill the Parasite: A New Experimental Concept in Treating Alveolar Echinococcosis. Pharmacology, 106(1-2), pp. 3-8. Karger 10.1159/000509355

Valente, Luca G.; Pitton, Melissa; Fürholz, Monika; Oberhaensli, Simone; Bruggmann, Rémy; Leib, Stephen L.; Jakob, Stephan M.; Resch, Grégory; Que, Yok-Ai; Cameron, David R. (2021). Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages from the human skin microbiome that infect Staphylococcus epidermidis. FEMS Microbes, 2 Oxford University Press 10.1093/femsmc/xtab003

Akello, Joyce Odeke; Kamgang, Richard; Barbani, Maria Teresa; Suter-Riniker, Franziska; Aebi, Christoph; Beuret, Christian; Paris, Daniel H.; Leib, Stephen L.; Ramette, Alban (2021). Genomic analyses of human adenoviruses unravel novel recombinant genotypes associated with severe infections in pediatric patients (medRxiv). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 10.1101/2021.08.01.21261368

Wasimuddin, Wasimuddin; Schlaeppi, Klaus; Ronchi, Francesca; Leib, Stephen L.; Erb, Matthias; Ramette, Alban (2020). Evaluation of primer pairs for microbiome profiling from soils to humans within the One Health framework. Molecular ecology resources, 20(6), pp. 1558-1571. Wiley 10.1111/1755-0998.13215

Muri, Lukas; Oberhänsli, Simone; Buri, Michelle; Le, Ngoc Dung; Grandgirard, Denis; Bruggmann, Rémy; Müri, René M.; Leib, Stephen L. (2020). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation activates glial cells and inhibits neurogenesis after pneumococcal meningitis. PLoS ONE, 15(9), e0232863. Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pone.0232863

Brigger, Daniel; Riether, Carsten; van Brummelen, Robin; Mosher, Kira I; Shiu, Alicia; Ding, Zhaoqing; Zbären, Noemi; Gasser, Pascal; Guntern, Pascal; Yousef, Hanadie; Castellano, Joseph M; Storni, Federico; Graff-Radford, Neill; Britschgi, Markus; Grandgirard, Denis; Hinterbrandner, Magdalena; Siegrist, Mark; Moullan, Norman; Hofstetter, Wilhelm; Leib, Stephen L.; ... (2020). Eosinophils regulate adipose tissue inflammation and sustain physical and immunological fitness in old age. Nature metabolism, 2(8), pp. 688-702. Springer Nature 10.1038/s42255-020-0228-3

Grädel, Carole; Terrazos Miani, Miguel A.; Baumann, Christian; Barbani, Maria Teresa; Neuenschwander, Stefan; Leib, Stephen L.; Suter-Riniker, Franziska; Ramette, Alban (2020). Whole-Genome Sequencing of Human Enteroviruses from Clinical Samples by Nanopore Direct RNA Sequencing. Viruses, 12(8) MDPI 10.3390/v12080841

Egli, Adrian; Battegay, Manuel; Büchler, Andrea C; Bühlmann, Peter; Calandra, Thierry; Eckert, Philippe; Furrer, Hansjakob; Greub, Gilbert; Jakob, Stephan M.; Kaiser, Laurent; Leib, Stephen L.; Marsch, Stephan; Meinshausen, Nicolai; Pagani, Jean-Luc; Pugin, Jerome; Rätsch, Gunnar; Schrenzel, Jacques; Schüpbach, Reto; Siegemund, Martin; Zamboni, Nicola; ... (2020). SPHN/PHRT: Forming a Swiss-Wide Infrastructure for Data-Driven Sepsis Research. Studies in health technology and informatics, 270, pp. 1163-1167. IOS Press 10.3233/SHTI200346

Akello, Joyce Odeke; Leib, Stephen L.; Engler, Olivier; Beuret, Christian (2020). Evaluation of Viral RNA Recovery Methods in Vectors by Metagenomic Sequencing. Viruses, 12(5) MDPI 10.3390/v12050562

Neuenschwander, Stefan Moritz; Terrazos Miani, Miguel Angel; Amlang, Heiko; Perroulaz, Carmen; Bittel, Pascal; Casanova, Carlo; Droz, Sara; Flandrois, Jean-Pierre; Leib, Stephen L.; Suter-Riniker, Franziska; Ramette, Alban (2020). A Sample-to-Report Solution for Taxonomic Identification of Cultured Bacteria in the Clinical Setting Based on Nanopore Sequencing. Journal of clinical microbiology, 58(6) American Society for Microbiology 10.1128/JCM.00060-20

Le, Ngoc Dung; Muri, Lukas; Grandgirard, Denis; Kuhle, Jens; Leppert, David; Leib, Stephen L. (2020). Evaluation of neurofilament light chain in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood as a biomarker for neuronal damage in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Journal of neuroinflammation, 17(1), p. 293. BioMed Central 10.1186/s12974-020-01966-3

Zbinden, Florian R.; De Ste Croix, Megan; Grandgirard, Denis; Haigh, Richard D; Vacca, Irene; Zamudio, Roxana; Goodall, Emily C A; Stephan, Roger; Oggioni, Marco R; Leib, Stephen L. (2020). Pathogenic Differences of Type 1 Restriction-Modification Allele Variants in Experimental Listeria monocytogenes Meningitis. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 10, p. 590657. Frontiers 10.3389/fcimb.2020.590657

Pan, Steven D.; Grandgirard, Denis; Leib, Stephen L. (2020). Adjuvant Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Agonist Modulates the Polarization of Microglia Towards a Non-Inflammatory Phenotype in Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 10 Frontiers 10.3389/fcimb.2020.588195

Rosser, Christian; Sager, Fritz; Leib, Stephen L. (2020). Six Recommendations to Build Legitimacy for Translational Research Organizations. Frontiers in medicine, 7, p. 586177. Frontiers 10.3389/fmed.2020.586177

Wasimuddin, Wasimuddin; Schlaeppi, Klaus; Ronchi, Francesca; Leib, Stephen L.; Erb, Matthias; Ramette, Alban (15 November 2019). Evaluation of primer pairs for microbiome profiling across a food chain from soils to humans within the One Health framework (bioRxiv). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 10.1101/843144

Prazak, Josef; Iten, Manuela; Cameron, David Robert; Save, Jonathan Florian; Grandgirard, Denis; Resch, Gregory; Göpfert, Christine; Leib, Stephen L.; Takala, Jukka; Jakob, Stephan; Que, Yok-Ai; Hänggi, Matthias (2019). Bacteriophages Improve Outcome in Experimental Staphylococcus Aureus Ventilator Associated Pneumonia. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 200(9), pp. 1126-1133. American Lung Association 10.1164/rccm.201812-2372OC

Grädel, Carole; Terrazos Miani, Miguel Angel; Barbani, Maria Teresa; Leib, Stephen L.; Suter-Riniker, Franziska; Ramette, Alban (2019). Rapid and Cost-Efficient Enterovirus Genotyping from Clinical Samples Using Flongle Flow Cells. Genes, 10(9) MDPI 10.3390/genes10090659

Muri, Lukas Kilian; Le, Ngoc Dung; Zemp, Jonas; Grandgirard, Denis; Leib, Stephen L. (2019). Metformin mediates neuroprotection and attenuates hearing loss in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Journal of neuroinflammation, 16(1), p. 156. BioMed Central 10.1186/s12974-019-1549-6

Muri, Lukas; Perny, Michael; Zemp, Jonas; Grandgirard, Denis; Leib, Stephen L. (2019). Combining Ceftriaxone with Doxycycline and Daptomycin Reduces Mortality, Neuroinflammation, Brain Damage and Hearing Loss in Infant Rat Pneumococcal Meningitis. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 63(7) American Society for Microbiology 10.1128/AAC.00220-19

Needle, David B; Selig, Martin K; Jackson, Kenneth A; Delwart, Eric; Tighe, Ellyn; Leib, Stephen L.; Seuberlich, Torsten; Pesavento, Patricia A (2019). Fatal bronchopneumonia caused by skunk adenovirus 1 in an African pygmy hedgehog. Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation, 31(1), pp. 103-106. American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians AAVLD 10.1177/1040638718812123

Lenz, Nicole; Engler, Olivier; Grandgirard, Denis; Leib, Stephen L.; Ackermann-Gäumann, Rahel (2018). Evaluation of antivirals against tick-borne encephalitis virus in organotypic brain slices of rat cerebellum. PLoS ONE, 13(10), e0205294. Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pone.0205294

Holler, Jon G.; Brandt, Christian T.; Leib, Stephen L.; Rowland, Ian J.; Ostergaard, Christian (2014). Increase in hippocampal water diffusion and volume during experimental pneumococcal meningitis is aggravated by bacteremia. BMC infectious diseases, 14(1), p. 240. BioMed Central 10.1186/1471-2334-14-240

Peltola, Heikki; Leib, Stephen L. (2013). Performance of adjunctive therapy in bacterial meningitis depends on circumstances. Pediatric infectious disease journal, 32(12), pp. 1381-1382. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 10.1097/INF.0000000000000066

Coutinho, Leonam G; Grandgirard, Denis; Leib, Stephen L.; Agnez-Lima, Lucymara F (2013). Cerebrospinal-fluid cytokine and chemokine profile in patients with pneumococcal and meningococcal meningitis. BMC infectious diseases, 13(1), p. 326. BioMed Central 10.1186/1471-2334-13-326

Jansen, Sandra; Podschun, Rainer; Leib, Stephen L.; Grötzinger, Joachim; Oestern, Stefanie; Michalek, Matthias; Pufe, Thomas; Brandenburg, Lars-Ove (2013). Expression and function of psoriasin (S100A7) and koebnerisin (S100A15) in the brain. Infection and immunity, 81(5), pp. 1788-1797. American Society for Microbiology 10.1128/IAI.01265-12

Comim, Clarissa M; Barichello, Tatiana; Grandgirard, Denis; Dal-Pizzol, Felipe; Quevedo, João; Leib, Stephen L. (2013). Caspase-3 mediates in part hippocampal apoptosis in sepsis. Molecular neurobiology, 47(1), pp. 394-398. Clifton, N.J.: Humana Press 10.1007/s12035-012-8354-x

Zysset-Burri, Denise C.; Bellac, Caroline L; Leib, Stephen L.; Wittwer, Matthias (2013). Vitamin B6 reduces hippocampal apoptosis in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. BMC infectious diseases, 13, p. 393. BioMed Central 10.1186/1471-2334-13-393

Grandgirard, Denis; Gäumann, Rahel; Coulibaly, Boubacar; Dangy, Jean-Pierre; Sie, Ali; Junghanss, Thomas; Schudel, Hans; Pluschke, Gerd; Leib, Stephen L. (2013). The causative pathogen determines the inflammatory profile in cerebrospinal fluid and outcome in patients with bacterial meningitis. Mediators of inflammation, 2013, p. 312476. Hindawi Publishing Corp. 10.1155/2013/312476

Mitchell, Andrew J.; Yau, Belinda; McQuillan, James A; Ball, Helen J.; Too, Lay Khoon; Abtin, Arby; Hertzog, Paul; Leib, Stephen L.; Jones, Cheryl A.; Gerega, Sebastien K.; Weninger, Wolfgang; Hunt, Nicholas H. (2012). Inflammasome-dependent IFN-γ drives pathogenesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. Journal of immunology, 189(10), pp. 4970-80. Bethesda, Md.: American Association of Immunologists 10.4049/jimmunol.1201687

Maffioli, Carola; Grandgirard, Denis; Engler, Olivier; Leib, Stephen L. (2012). SiRNA inhibits replication of Langat virus, a member of the tick-borne encephalitis virus complex in organotypic rat brain slices. PLoS ONE, 7(9), e44703. Lawrence, Kans.: Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pone.0044703

Monney, Thierry; Debache, Karim; Grandgirard, Denis; Leib, Stephen L.; Hemphill, Andrew (2012). Vaccination with the recombinant chimeric antigen recNcMIC3-1-R induces a non-protective Th2-type immune response in the pregnant mouse model for N. caninum infection. Vaccine, 30(46), pp. 6588-94. Amsterdam: Elsevier 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.024

Guldimann, Claudia; Lejeune, Beatrice; Hofer, Sandra; Leib, Stephen L.; Frey, Joachim; Zurbriggen, Andreas; Seuberlich, Torsten; Oevermann, Anna (2012). Ruminant organotypic brain-slice cultures as a model for the investigation of CNS listeriosis. International journal of experimental pathology, 93(4), pp. 259-268. Oxford: Blackwell Science 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2012.00821.x

Hofer, Sandra; Magloire, Vincent; Streit, Jürg; Leib, Stephen L. (2012). Grafted neuronal precursor cells differentiate and integrate in injured hippocampus in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Stem cells, 30(6), pp. 1206-15. Durham: AlphaMed Press

Sury, Matthias D.; Vorlet-Fawer, Lorianne; Agarinis, Claudia; Yousefi, Shida; Grandgirard, Denis; Leib, Stephen L.; Christen, Stephan (2011). Restoration of Akt activity by the bisperoxovanadium compound bpV(pic) attenuates hippocampal apoptosis in experimental neonatal pneumococcal meningitis. Neurobiology of disease, 41(1), pp. 201-208. Amsterdam: Elsevier 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.09.007

Hofer, Sandra; Grandgirard, Denis; Burri, Denise; Fröhlich, Tanja K.; Leib, Stephen L. (2011). Bacterial meningitis impairs hippocampal neurogenesis. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology, 70(10), pp. 890-899. Hagerstown, Md.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 10.1097/NEN.0b013e3182303f31

Monney, Thierry; Rütti, David; Schorer, Michelle; Debache, Karim; Grandgirard, Denis; Leib, Stephen L.; Hemphill, Andrew (2011). RecNcMIC3-1-R is a microneme- and rhoptry-based chimeric antigen that protects against acute neosporosis and limits cerebral parasite load in the mouse model for Neospora caninum infection. Vaccine, 29(40), pp. 6967-6975. Amsterdam: Elsevier 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.038

da Silva, Thayse Azevedo; Fontes, Fabrícia Lima; Coutinho, Leonam Gomes; de Souza, Fladjule Rejane Soares; de Melo, Julliane Tamara Araújo; de Souto, Janeusa Trindade; Leib, Stephen L.; Agnez-Lima, Lucymara Fassarella (2011). SNPs in DNA repair genes associated to meningitis and host immune response. Mutation research - fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis, 713(1-2), pp. 39-47. Amsterdam: Elsevier 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.05.012

de Souza, Fladjule Rejane Soares; Fontes, Fabrícia Lima; da Silva, Thayse Azevedo; Coutinho, Leonam Gomes; Leib, Stephen L.; Agnez-Lima, Lucymara Fassarella (2011). Association of kynurenine aminotransferase II gene C401T polymorphism with immune response in patients with meningitis. BMC medical genetics, 12(51), p. 51. London: BioMed Central 10.1186/1471-2350-12-51

Blaser, Cornelia; Wittwer, Matthias; Grandgirard, Denis; Leib, Stephen L. (2011). Adjunctive dexamethasone affects the expression of genes related to inflammation, neurogenesis and apoptosis in infant rat pneumococcal meningitis. PLoS ONE, 6(3), e17840. Lawrence, Kans.: Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pone.0017840

Braun, Benedikt J.; Slowik, Alexander; Leib, Stephen L.; Lucius, Ralph; Varoga, Deike; Wruck, Christoph J.; Jansen, Sandra; Podschun, Rainer; Pufe, Thomas; Brandenburg, Lars-Ove (2011). The formyl peptide receptor like-1 and scavenger receptor MARCO are involved in glial cell activation in bacterial meningitis. Journal of neuroinflammation, 8(1), p. 11. London: BioMed Central 10.1186/1742-2094-8-11

Gottstein, Bruno; Wittwer, Matthias; Schild, Marc; Merli, Michael; Leib, Stephen L.; Müller, Norbert; Müller, Joachim; Jaggi, Rolf (2010). Hepatic gene expression profile in mice perorally infected with Echinococcus multilocularis eggs. PLoS ONE, 5(4), e9779. Lawrence, Kans.: Public Library of Science 10.1371/journal.pone.0009779

Bellac, Caroline L.; Coimbra, Roney S.; Christen, Stephan; Leib, Stephen L. (2010). Inhibition of the kynurenine-NAD+ pathway leads to energy failure and exacerbates apoptosis in pneumococcal meningitis. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology, 69(11), pp. 1096-1104. Hagerstown, Md.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 10.1097/NEN.0b013e3181f7e7e9

Grandgirard, Denis; Leib, Stephen L. (2010). Meningitis in neonates: bench to bedside. Clinics in perinatology, 37(3), pp. 655-676. New York, N.Y.: Elsevier 10.1016/j.clp.2010.05.004

Wittwer, Matthias; Grandgirard, Denis; Rohrbach, Janine; Leib, Stephen L. (2010). Tracking the transcriptional host response from the acute to the regenerative phase of experimental pneumococcal meningitis. BMC infectious diseases, 10(176), p. 176. London: BioMed Central 10.1186/1471-2334-10-176

Blaser, Cornelia; Klein, Matthias; Grandgirard, Denis; Wittwer, Matthias; Peltola, Heikki; Weigand, Michael; Koedel, Uwe; Leib, Stephen L. (2010). Adjuvant glycerol is not beneficial in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. BMC infectious diseases, 10(84), p. 84. London: BioMed Central 10.1186/1471-2334-10-84

Sellner, Johann; Täuber, Martin G.; Leib, Stephen L. (2010). Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of bacterial CNS infections. Handbook of clinical neurology, 96, pp. 1-16. Amsterdam: Elsevier 10.1016/S0072-9752(09)96001-8

Grandgirard, Denis; Oberson, Kevin; Bühlmann, Angela; Gäumann, Rahel; Leib, Stephen L. (2010). Attenuation of cerebrospinal fluid inflammation by the nonbacteriolytic antibiotic daptomycin versus that by ceftriaxone in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 54(3), pp. 1323-1326. Washington, D.C.: American Society for Microbiology 10.1128/AAC.00812-09

Østergaard, Christian; Leib, Stephen L.; Rowland, Ian; Brandt, Christian T. (2010). Bacteremia causes hippocampal apoptosis in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. BMC infectious diseases, 10(1), p. 1. London: BioMed Central 10.1186/1471-2334-10-1

Klein, M; Pfister, H W; Leib, Stephen L.; Koedel, U (2009). Therapy of community-acquired acute bacterial meningitis: the clock is running. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 10(16), pp. 2609-2623. Informa Healthcare 10.1517/14656560903277210

Sellner, Johann; Buonomano, Roberto; Nedeltchev, Krassen; Findling, Oliver; Schroth, Gerhard; Surbek, Daniel; Leib, Stephen L. (2009). A case of maternal herpes simplex virus encephalitis during late pregnancy. Nature clinical practice - neurology, 5(1), pp. 51-56. New York, N.Y.: Nature Publishing Group 10.1038/ncpneuro0972

Stickel, Felix; Droz, Sara; Patsenker, Eleonora; Bögli-Stuber, Katja; Aebi, Beat; Leib, Stephen L. (2009). Severe hepatotoxicity following ingestion of Herbalife nutritional supplements contaminated with Bacillus subtilis. Journal of hepatology, 50(1), pp. 111-117. Amsterdam: Elsevier 10.1016/j.jhep.2008.08.017

Brandenburg, Lars-Ove; Varoga, Deike; Nicolaeva, Nicoletta; Leib, Stephen L.; Podschun, Rainer; Wruck, Christoph J.; Wilms, Henrik; Lucius, Ralph; Pufe, Thomas (2009). Expression and regulation of antimicrobial peptide rCRAMP after bacterial infection in primary rat meningeal cells. Journal of neuroimmunology, 217(1-2), pp. 55-64. Amsterdam: Elsevier 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.10.004

Debache, Karim; Alaeddine, Ferial; Guionaud, Christophe; Monney, Thierry; Müller, Joachim; Strohbusch, Maria; Leib, Stephen L.; Grandgirard, Denis; Hemphill, Andrew (2009). Vaccination with recombinant NcROP2 combined with recombinant NcMIC1 and NcMIC3 reduces cerebral infection and vertical transmission in mice experimentally infected with Neospora caninum tachyzoites. International journal for parasitology, 39(12), pp. 1373-1384. Kidlington, UK: Elsevier 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.04.006

Sellner, Johann; Grandgirard, Denis; Gianinazzi, Christian; Landmann, Regine M.; Leib, Stephen L. (2009). Effects of Toll-like receptor 2 agonist Pam(3)CysSK(4) on inflammation and brain damage in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Journal of neuroimmunology, 206(1-2), pp. 28-31. Amsterdam: Elsevier 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.10.004

Gehre, F.; Leib, Stephen L.; Grandgirard, Denis; Kummer, Jürg; Bühlmann, Angela; Simon, Franziska; Gäumann, R.; Kharat, A. S.; Täuber, Martin G.; Tomasz, A. (2008). Essential role of choline for pneumococcal virulence in an experimental model of meningitis. Internal medicine journal, 264(2), pp. 143-154. Sydney: Blackwell 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.01930.x

Sury, Matthias D.; Agarinis, Claudia; Widmer, Hans-Rudolf; Leib, Stephen L.; Christen, Stephan (2008). JNK is activated but does not mediate hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in experimental neonatal pneumococcal meningitis. Neurobiology of disease, 32(1), pp. 142-150. Amsterdam: Elsevier 10.1016/J.nbd.2008.07.006

Sellner, Johann; Greeve, Isabell; Findling, Oliver; Kamm, Christian P.; Minten, Carsten; Engelhardt, Britta; Grandgirard, Denis; Leib, Stephen L.; Mattle, Heinrich P (2008). Effect of interferon-beta and atorvastatin on Th1/Th2 cytokines in multiple sclerosis. Neurochemistry international, 53(1-2), pp. 17-21. Amsterdam: Elsevier 10.1016/j.neuint.2008.04.004

Brandenburg, Lars-Ove; Varoga, Deike; Nicolaeva, Nicoletta; Leib, Stephen L.; Wilms, Henrik; Podschun, Rainer; Wruck, Christoph J; Schröder, Jens-Michael; Pufe, Thomas; Lucius, Ralph (2008). Role of glial cells in the functional expression of LL-37/rat cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide in meningitis. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology, 67(11), pp. 1041-1054. Hagerstown, Md.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 10.1097/NEN.0b013e31818b4801

Grandgirard, Denis; Loeffler, Jutta M.; Fischetti, Vincent A.; Leib, Stephen L. (2008). Phage lytic enzyme Cpl-1 for antibacterial therapy in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Journal of infectious diseases, 197(11), pp. 1519-1522. Cary, N.C.: The University of Chicago Press 10.1086/587942

Sellner, Johann; Ringer, Ralph; Baumann, Pierre; Perey, Michèl Jonzier; Schmitt, Bernhard; Leib, Stephen L. (2008). Effect of the NMDA-receptor antagonist dextromethorphan in infant rat pneumococcal meningitis. Current drug metabolism, 9(1), pp. 83-88. Hilversum: Bentham Science Publishers

Sellner, Johann; Greeve, Isabell; Leib, Stephen L.; Mattle, Heinrich P. (2008). Atorvastatin does not alter interferon Beta-induced changes of serum matrix metalloproteinase 9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 in patients with multiple sclerosis. Archives of neurology, 65(5), pp. 672-674. Chicago, Ill.: American Medical Association 10.1001/archneur.65.5.672

Sellner, Johann; Greeve, I; Findling, O; Grandgirard, Denis; Leib, Stephen L.; Mattle, H P (2008). Atorvastatin does not alter serum levels of sCD95 and sCD95L in multiple sclerosis. Clinical and experimental immunology, 152(2), pp. 280-284. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03630.x

Ren, Hao; Leib, Stephen L.; Ferriero, Donna M; Täuber, Martin G.; Christen, Stephan (2007). Induction of haem oxygenase-1 causes cortical non-haem iron increase in experimental pneumococcal meningitis: evidence that concomitant ferritin up-regulation prevents iron-induced oxidative damage. Journal of neurochemistry, 100(2), pp. 532-544. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04230.x

Grandgirard, Denis; Steiner, Oliver; Täuber, Martin G.; Leib, Stephen L. (2007). An infant mouse model of brain damage in pneumococcal meningitis. Acta neuropathologica, 114(6), pp. 609-617. Berlin: Springer-Verlag 10.1007/s00401-007-0304-8

Trampuz, Andrej; Steinhuber, Andrea; Wittwer, Matthias; Leib, Stephen L. (2007). Rapid diagnosis of experimental meningitis by bacterial heat production in cerebrospinal fluid. BMC infectious diseases, 7, p. 116. London: BioMed Central 10.1186/1471-2334-7-116

Bellac, Caroline L; Coimbra, Roney S; Simon, Franziska; Imboden, Johann; Leib, Stephen L. (2007). Gene and protein expression of galectin-3 and galectin-9 in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Neurobiology of disease, 28(2), pp. 175-183. Amsterdam: Elsevier 10.1016/j.nbd.2007.07.005

Coimbra, Roney S; Loquet, Gérard; Leib, Stephen L. (2007). Limited efficacy of adjuvant therapy with dexamethasone in preventing hearing loss due to experimental pneumococcal meningitis in the infant rat. Pediatric research, 62(3), pp. 291-294. New York, N.Y.: Nature Publishing Group 10.1203/PDR.0b013e318123fb7c

Zimmerli, Stefan; Knecht, Urspeter; Leib, Stephen L. (2007). A model of cerebral aspergillosis in non-immunosuppressed nursing rats. Acta neuropathologica, 114(4), pp. 411-418. Berlin: Springer-Verlag 10.1007/s00401-007-0255-0

Echchannaoui, Hakim; Leib, Stephen L.; Neumann, Ulf; Landmann, Regine M. A. (2007). Adjuvant TACE inhibitor treatment improves the outcome of TLR2-/- mice with experimental pneumococcal meningitis. BMC infectious diseases, 7(25), p. 25. London: BioMed Central 10.1186/1471-2334-7-25

Grandgirard, Denis; Schürch, Christian; Cottagnoud, Philippe; Leib, Stephen L. (2007). Prevention of brain injury by the nonbacteriolytic antibiotic daptomycin in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 51(6), pp. 2173-2178. Washington, D.C.: American Society for Microbiology 10.1128/AAC.01014-06

Grandgirard, D; Bifrare, Y-D; Pleasure, S J; Kummer, J; Leib, Stephen L.; Tauber, Martin G. (2007). Pneumococcal meningitis induces apoptosis in recently postmitotic immature neurons in the dentate gyrus of neonatal rats. Developmental neuroscience, 29(1-2), pp. 134-142. Basel: Karger 10.1159/000096218

Sellner, Johann; Leib, Stephen L. (2007). Flu-related neurological complications: incidence and risk factors in children. Nature clinical practice - neurology, 3(11), pp. 606-607. New York, N.Y.: Nature Publishing Group 10.1038/ncpneuro0610

Leib, Stephen L. (2007). An in vitro model of central nervous system infection and regeneration: neuronal stem cells as targets of brain damage and regenerative therapies in bacterial meningitis. ALTEX-Alternatives to Animal Experimentation, 24 Spec No, pp. 90-92. Springer

Rauch, A; Droz, S; Zimmerli, Stefan; Leib, Stephen L. (2006). Dysphagia in elderly women: consider tetanus. Infection, 34(1), pp. 35-38. Heidelberg: Urban & Vogel 10.1007/s15010-006-4151-7

Sellner, Johann; Simon, Franziska; Meyding-Lamade, Uta; Leib, Stephen L. (2006). Herpes-simplex virus encephalitis is characterized by an early MMP-9 increase and collagen type IV degradation. Brain research, 1125(1), pp. 155-162. Amsterdam: Elsevier 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.09.093

Sellner, Johann; Leib, Stephen L. (2006). In bacterial meningitis cortical brain damage is associated with changes in parenchymal MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio and increased collagen type IV degradation. Neurobiology of disease, 21(3), pp. 647-656. Amsterdam: Elsevier 10.1016/j.nbd.2005.09.007

Bellac, Caroline L.; Coimbra, Roney S.; Christen, Stephan; Leib, Stephen L. (2006). Pneumococcal meningitis causes accumulation of neurotoxic kynurenine metabolites in brain regions prone to injury. Neurobiology of disease, 24(2), pp. 395-402. Amsterdam: Elsevier 10.1016/j.nbd.2006.07.014

Boscacci, Rémy; Leib, Stephen L. (2006). [Invasive meningococcal infections: two cases that demonstrate the broad spectrum in clinical manifestation and outcome]. Praxis - schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin, 95(43), pp. 1675-1678. Bern: Huber 10.1024/1661-8157.95.43.1675

Meli, Damian N.; Coimbra, Roney S.; Erhart, Dominik G.; Loquet, Gerard; Bellac, Caroline L.; Täuber, Martin G.; Neumann, Ulf; Leib, Stephen L. (2006). Doxycycline reduces mortality and injury to the brain and cochlea in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Infection and immunity, 74(7), pp. 3890-3896. New York, N.Y.: American Society for Microbiology 10.1128/IAI.01949-05

Coimbra, Roney S.; Voisin, Veronique; de Saizieu, Antoine B.; Lindberg, Raija L. P.; Wittwer, Matthias; Leppert, David; Leib, Stephen L. (2006). Gene expression in cortex and hippocampus during acute pneumococcal meningitis. BMC biology, 4, p. 15. London: BioMed Central 10.1186/1741-7007-4-15

Grandgirard, Denis; Leib, Stephen L. (2006). Strategies to prevent neuronal damage in paediatric bacterial meningitis. Current opinion in pediatrics, 18(2), pp. 112-118. Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 10.1097/01.mop.0000193292.09894.b7

Lindberg, R L P; Sorsa, T; Tervahartiala, T; Hoffmann, F; Mellanen, L; Kappos, L; Schaad, U B; Leib, Stephen L.; Leppert, D (2006). Gelatinase B [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9] and collagenases (MMP-8/-13) are upregulated in cerebrospinal fluid during aseptic and bacterial meningitis in children. Neuropathology & applied neurobiology, 32(3), pp. 304-317. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2006.00729.x

Zucker, K E; Kamberi, P; Sobel, R A; Cloud, G; Meli, D N; Clemons, K V; Stevens, D A; Williams, P L; Leib, Stephen L. (2006). Temporal expression of inflammatory mediators in brain basilar artery vasculitis and cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits with coccidioidal meningitis. Clinical and experimental immunology, 143(3), pp. 458-466. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03011.x

Meli, Damian N.; Christen, Stephan; Leib, Stephen L. (2003). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 in pneumococcal meningitis: activation via an oxidative pathway. Journal of infectious diseases, 187(9), pp. 1411-1415. Cary, N.C.: The University of Chicago Press 10.1086/374644

Kolarova, Anna; Ringer, Ralph; Täuber, Martin G.; Leib, Stephen L. (2003). Blockade of NMDA receptor subtype NR2B prevents seizures but not apoptosis of dentate gyrus neurons in bacterial meningitis in infant rats. BMC neuroscience, 4(21), p. 21. London: BioMed Central 10.1186/1471-2202-4-21

Remer, Katharina A.; Pfister, Hedi; Fatzer, Rosmarie; Leib, Stephen L.; Jungi, Thomas W. (2002). The role of nitric oxide in Listeria encephalitis of ruminants and in rats intracisternally infected with Listeria monocytogenes. Berliner und Münchener tierärztliche Wochenschrift, 115(7-8), pp. 259-266. Schlütersche

Vonlaufen, Nathalie; Gianinazzi, Christian; Müller, Norbert; Simon, Franziska; Björkman, Camilla; Jungi, Thomas W.; Leib, Stephen L.; Hemphill, Andrew (2002). Infection of organotypic slice cultures from rat central nervous tissue with Neospora caninum: an alternative approach to study host-parasite interactions. International journal for parasitology, 32(5), pp. 533-542. Elsevier 10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00351-4

Müller, Norbert; Vonlaufen, Nathalie Françoise F.; Gianinazzi, Christian; Leib, Stephen L.; Hemphill, Andrew (2002). Application of real-time fluorescent PCR for quantitative assessment of Neospora caninum infections in organotypic slice cultures of rat central nervous system tissue. Journal of clinical microbiology, 40(1), pp. 252-255. American Society for Microbiology 10.1128/JCM.40.1.252-255.2002

Schaper, Manuela; Gergely, Suzanne; Lykkesfeldt, Jens; Zbären, Jakob; Leib, Stephen L.; Täuber, Martin G.; Christen, Stephan (2002). Cerebral vasculature is the major target of oxidative protein alterations in bacterial meningitis. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology, 61(7), pp. 605-13. Hagerstown, Md.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Meli, Damian N.; Christen, Stephan; Leib, Stephen L.; Täuber, Martin G. (2002). Current concepts in the pathogenesis of meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Current opinion in infectious diseases, 15(3), pp. 253-357. Hagerstown, Md.: Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 10.1097/00001432-200206000-00007

Pfister, H.; Remer, K. A.; Brcic, Marija; Fatzer, R.; Christen, Stephan; Leib, Stephen L.; Jungi, Thomas W. (2002). Inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine in listeric encephalitis: a cross-species study in ruminants. Veterinary pathology, 39(2), pp. 190-199. Middleton, Wis.: American College of Veterinary Pathologists 10.1354/vp.39-2-190

Echchannaoui, Hakim; Frei, Karl; Schnell, Christian; Leib, Stephen L.; Zimmerli, Werner; Landmann, Regine (2002). Toll-like receptor 2-deficient mice are highly susceptible to Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis because of reduced bacterial clearing and enhanced inflammation. Journal of infectious diseases, 186(6), pp. 798-806. The University of Chicago Press 10.1086/342845

Loeffler, Jutta M.; Bodmer, Thomas; Zimmerli, Werner; Leib, Stephen L. (2001). Nocardial brain abscess: observation of treatment strategies and outcome in Switzerland from 1992 to 1999. Infection, 29(6), pp. 337-341. Springer-Medizin-Verlag 10.1007/s15010-001-1147-1

Leppert, David; Lindberg, Raija L.P.; Kappos, Ludwig; Leib, Stephen L. (2001). Matrix metalloproteinases: multifunctional effectors of inflammation in multiple sclerosis and bacterial meningitis. Brain research reviews, 36(2-3), pp. 249-257. Elsevier 10.1016/S0165-0173(01)00101-1

Piso, R J; Leib, Stephen L. (2001). [What is your diagnosis? Basal meningitis and rhombencephalitis. Blood culture positive for Listeria monocytogenes]. Praxis - schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin, 90(19), pp. 823-824. Huber

Christen, Stephan; Schaper, Manuela; Lykkesfeldt, Jens; Siegenthaler, Corinne; Bifrare, Yoeng-Delphine; Banic, Staša; Leib, Stephen L.; Täuber, Martin G. (2001). Oxidative stress in brain during experimental bacterial meningitis: differential effects of alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone and N-acetylcysteine treatment. Free radical biology & medicine, 31(6), pp. 754-762. San Diego, Calif.: Elsevier 10.1016/S0891-5849(01)00642-6

Christen, Stephan; Bifrare, Yeong-Delphine; Siegenthaler, Corinne; Leib, Stephen L.; Täuber, Martin G. (2001). Marked elevation in cortical urate and xanthine oxidoreductase activity in experimental bacterial meningitis. Brain research, 900(2), pp. 244-251. Amsterdam: Elsevier 10.1016/S0006-8993(01)02311-3

Leib, Stephen L.; Clements, John M.; Lindberg, Raija L. P.; Heimgartner, Chris; Loeffler, Jutta M.; Pfister, Luz-Andrea; Täuber, Martin G.; Leppert, David (2001). Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases and tumour necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme as adjuvant therapy in pneumococcal meningitis. Brain, 124(9), pp. 1734-1742. Oxford: Oxford University Press 10.1093/brain/124.9.1734

Remer, K. A.; Jungi, Thomas W.; Fatzer, R.; Täuber, Martin G.; Leib, Stephen L. (2001). Nitric oxide is protective in listeric meningoencephalitis of rats. Infection and immunity, 69(6), pp. 4086-4093. New York, N.Y.: American Society for Microbiology 10.1128/IAI.69.6.4086-4093.2001

Loeffler, Jutta M.; Ringer, Ralph; Hablützel, Martin; Täuber, Martin G.; Leib, Stephen L. (2001). The free radical scavenger alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone aggravates hippocampal apoptosis and learning deficits in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Journal of infectious diseases, 183(2), pp. 247-252. Cary, N.C.: The University of Chicago Press 10.1086/317921

Pfister, LA; Tureen, JH; Shaw, S; Christen, S; Ferriero, DM; Täuber, MG; Leib, Stephen L. (2000). Endothelin inhibition improves cerebral blood flow and is neuroprotective in pneumococcal meningitis. Annals of neurology, 47(3), pp. 329-335. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Blackwell 10.1002/1531-8249(200003)47:3<329::AID-ANA8>3.3.CO;2-I

Leib, Stephen L.; Täuber, MG (2000). [In search of strategies for preventing brain damage as a sequela of bacterial meningitis]. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 130(24), pp. 928-35. Basel: B. Schwabe & Co.

Auer, Marc; Pfister, Luz-Andrea; Leppert, David; Täuber, Martin G.; Leib, Stephen L. (2000). Effects of clinically used antioxidants in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Journal of infectious diseases, 182(1), pp. 347-350. Cary, N.C.: The University of Chicago Press 10.1086/315658

Leib, Stephen L.; Leppert, David; Clements, John; Täuber, Martin G. (2000). Matrix metalloproteinases contribute to brain damage in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Infection and immunity, 68(2), pp. 615-620. New York, N.Y.: American Society for Microbiology 10.1128/IAI.68.2.615-620.2000

Leppert, David; Leib, Stephen L.; Grygar, C.; Miller, K. M.; Schaad, U. B.; Holländer, G. A. (2000). Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and MMP-9 in cerebrospinal fluid during bacterial meningitis: association with blood-brain barrier damage and neurological sequelae. Clinical infectious diseases, 31(1), pp. 80-84. The University of Chicago Press 10.1086/313922

Leib, Stephen L.; Zimmerli, Werner (2000). Reply. Clinical infectious diseases, 30(5), pp. 837-838. The University of Chicago Press 10.1086/313779

Leib, Stephen L.; Täuber, Martin G. (1999). [Meningitis (II)--acute bacterial meningitis]. Therapeutische Umschau, 56(11), pp. 640-646. Bern: Huber 10.1024/0040-5930.56.11.640

Leib, Stephen L.; Kim, Young S.; Black, Stephen M.; Tureen, Jay H.; Täuber, Martin G. (1998). Inducible nitric oxide synthase and the effect of aminoguanidine in experimental neonatal meningitis. Journal of infectious diseases, 177(3), pp. 692-700. Cary, N.C.: Oxford University Press 10.1086/514226

Bogdan, I.; Leib, Stephen L.; Bergeron, M.; Chow, L.; Täuber, Martin G. (1997). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha contributes to apoptosis in hippocampal neurons during experimental group B streptococcal meningitis. Journal of infectious diseases, 176(3), pp. 693-697. Cary, N.C.: The University of Chicago Press 10.1086/514092

Schlienger, R. G.; Haefeli, W. E.; Bircher, A.; Leib, Stephen L.; Lüscher, T. F. (1993). [Drug-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome in a patient with AIDS]. Schweizerische Rundschau fuer Medizin Praxis, 82(33), pp. 888-892.

Wiestler, O. D.; Leib, Stephen L.; Brüstle, O.; Spiegel, H.; Kleihues, P. (1992). Neuropathology and pathogenesis of HIV encephalopathies. Acta histochemica, 42(Suppl.), pp. 107-114. Elsevier

Brüstle, O.; Spiegel, H.; Leib, Stephen L.; Finn, T.; Stein, H.; Kleihues, P.; Wiestler, O. D. (1992). Distribution of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the CNS of children with severe HIV encephalomyelopathy. Acta neuropathologica, 84(1), pp. 24-31. Springer 10.1007/BF00427211

Kleihues, P.; Leib, Stephen L.; Strittmatter, C.; Wiestler, O. D.; Lang, W. (1991). HIV encephalopathy: incidence, definition and pathogenesis. Results of a Swiss collaborative study. Acta pathologica japonica, 41(3), pp. 197-205.